Organizational Behaviour Leading Change

Question: Talk about theOrganizational Behaviourfor Leading Change. Answer: Presentation This report has been created upon the article named Leading Change composed by Jhon P. Kotter (2007). In this article it has been talked about why change endeavors flop in association. In this article, it has been referenced by the writer that, extreme trial of a pioneer is to direct change. It has additionally been referenced that no business can make due for long haul, in the event that it can't rethink itself after some time. In this report, from the start the goal of this article has been examined. From that point onward, summery of this article has been given. In this area, the ideas of change and change the executives have been talked about. At last, the pertinence of these ideas, in actuality, situation has been talked about in this report. Goal of the Srticle The significant goal of this article is to discover why change endeavors given by an association regularly become ineffective. This article has featured eight significant achievement factor of progress. It incorporates factors, for example, production of direness, offering an incentive to momentary successes and making change in hierarchical culture. Synopsis of the Article In the course of the most recent couple of decades, there are in excess of 100 organizations everywhere throughout the world have attempted to reevaluate themselves and attempted to turn out to be better contenders. It incorporates organizations, for example, Ford, General Motors, British Airways and Eastern Airways. These organizations have taken these endeavors under various standards. They are, for example, reengineering, social change, all out quality administration, rebuilding and turnaround. In any case, it had been dissected that in the vast majority of the cases, the fundamental objective of these procedures are to discover how business is directed so it can adapt up to the difficult and contending business condition. It has been discovered that the vast majority of these change the board systems are considered as absolute disappointment. Organizations need to take in their exercises from effective change the board cases. They need to comprehend that effective change the exec utives plan needs to experience various stages (Frankel 2012). They additionally need to comprehend that mistake in any of these stages may have destroying sway on the general hierarchical change. Bratton and Gold (2012) expressed that, as the vast majority of the individuals have next to no information about reestablishing organizations, even the most fit individuals makes one major blunder all the while. It has been discovered that there eight significant mistakes that can roll out an authoritative improvement ineffective. They are, for example, Not growing enough need to keep moving Not creating improved controlling alliance Absence of vision Unseemly correspondence of the vision Not expelling the up and coming obstructions from the vision Ill-advised getting ready for making momentary successes Before long presentation of triumph Not managing changes appropriately into the hierarchical culture It has been discovered that these are the eight significant slip-ups that individuals do inside an organization as far as hierarchical change. Notwithstanding, there are likewise numerous different missteps can be found. As per Von Krogh (2012), the majority of the hierarchical slip-ups are chaotic and they are likewise brimming with shocks. Investigating the Applicability of the Concepts Contingent upon these issues found in this article with regards to hierarchical change, eight stages have been built up that can change an organization. They are referenced underneath: Improvement of a Sense of Urgency The supervisory crew of an association has inspect the market appropriately and the opposition inside the business (Kotter 2007). They have lead SWOT investigation and address the expected emergencies and openings that the association has by and by. It will help the administration of a beginning to create appropriate need to keep moving. Building up an Enhanced Guiding Coalition In this stage, the supervisory crew of an association needs to build up a gathering with enough force that can prompt change exertion. The administration needs to urge all the gatherings to cooperate as a group. Keeping up cooperation will assist with improving viability of the authoritative change. Making Proper Organizational Vision Top administration of an organization needs to build up a dream that can assist with directing the exertion of progress (Lane et al. 2015). They additionally need to create techniques all together accomplish that vision. Discussing this Organizational Vision with each Member of the Company The supervisory group needs to utilize all the accessible assets to discuss that authoritative vision with all representatives and partners. Engaging others to Work on the Vision Davoudi et al. (2012) expressed that the greater part of the authoritative change needs to confront obstruction or hindrances. The supervisory crew needs to work proficiently to dispose of the snags with the goal that the change activity gets fruitful. They need to enable other and acknowledge nontraditional thoughts and exercises. Regularly the organization needs to change the hierarchical structure, so as to roll out the improvement vision effective. Creating Appropriate Plan for Short Term Win The supervisory crew needs to build up a suitable arrangement for obvious execution improvement. Quinn et al. (2012) expressed that, the supervisory crew likewise needs to perceive and remunerate representatives dependent on their exhibition also. Making Improvement Arrangement and Initiating more Changes The administration needs to change the hierarchical structures, approaches and working society on the off chance that they don't fit with the vision. They need to reviving the change the executives framework with new topics, undertakings and change operators (Kotter 2007). The organization needs to enlist, advance, bolster and create representatives who are fit with the change vision. Tending to New Approaches The organization the board needs to verbalize the connection between the corporate achievement and new conduct. They additionally need to build up the framework that improves administration advancement and accomplishment of an association. End In this task, basic examination for the article named driving change has been finished. It has been found from this article the greater part of the change the executives choices flop because of eight normal slip-ups. It has been discovered that incapacitated top administration frequently originates from such a large number of chiefs and insufficient pioneers. It end it very well may be referenced that change by definition requires another framework that consistently requests for initiative help. Consequently, an eight stage model of authoritative change has been created in this article. Reference List Bratton, J. what's more, Gold, J., 2012.Human asset the executives: hypothesis and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Davoudi, S., Shaw, K., Haider, L.J., Quinlan, A.E., Peterson, G.D., Wilkinson, C., Fnfgeld, H., McEvoy, D., Porter, L. what's more, Davoudi, S., 2012. Versatility: A Bridging Concept or a Dead End?Reframing Resilience: Challenges for Planning Theory and Practice Interacting Traps: Resilience Assessment of a Pasture Management System in Northern Afghanistan Urban Resilience: What Does it Mean in Planning Practice? Strength as a Useful Concept for Climate Change Adaptation? The Politics of Resilience for Planning: A Cautionary Note: Edited by Simin Davoudi and Libby Porter.Planning Theory Practice,13(2), pp.299-333. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. what's more, Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management exploration. Sage. Frankel, E.G., 2012.Management of innovative change: the incredible test of the executives for what's to come. Springer Science Business Media. Kotter, J.R., 2007. Driving change-Why change endeavors fail.Harvard business review,85(1), pp.96-100. Path, M.R., Lane, P.L., Rich, J. also, Wheeling, B., 2015. Improving appraisal: Creating a culture of evaluation with a change the executives approach.Journal of Case Studies in Accreditation and Assessment,4, p.1. Quinn, D., Amer, Y., Lonie, A., Blackmore, K., Thompson, L. what's more, Pettigrove, M., 2012. Driving change: Applying change the board ways to deal with draw in understudies in mixed learning.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,28(1), pp.16-29. Von Krogh, G., 2012. How does social programming change information the executives? Toward a vital exploration agenda.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,21(2), pp.154-164.

African Elephant essays

African Elephant papers The normal name is the African Elephant, the logical name is Loxodonta Africana, the phylum is Vertebrata, the class is Mammalia, the request is Proboscidea, also, the family is Elephantidae. The Closest Relatives to the African Elephant are: the Asian Elephant, mammoths, crude proboscidean (mastodons), ocean cows, and hyraxes. Researchers accept that the African Elephant advanced from one of its nearest The geological area and scope of the African elephant covers all of focal and southern Africa. In Ethiopia there are disconnected populaces that exist around Lake Chad in Mali and Mauritania. Likewise in Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Zaire, and in National parks situated in South Africa, just as a few different nations. African Elephants, initially, were found in the entirety of the Sub-Saharan African environments with the exception of desert steppes. Elephants despite everything involve differing territories, for example, calm field, tropical savanna and prairies, mild woodland and rainforest, tropical rainforest, tropical scour backwoods, and tropical deciduous woodland in spite of their uncommon decrease in numbers. Nonetheless, their transient examples and territory use have changed, because of the way that they are confined to ensured zones. The elephant can exist in numerous kinds of conditions however it inclines toward places that have numerous trees and shrubberies, which the elephant needs both for food and shade. They moreover like warm regions that have a lot of precipitation. This guarantees a lot of food, conceal, and water. The elephant lean towards a territory of blended forest and prairie which gives them a chance to eat an assortment of vegetation. African Elephants are viewed as herbivores, they are the two programs and slow eaters; they will eat unpleasant sticks, stems and leaves of plants just as grasses, sedges, and natural product. Their top choices are mangoes, berries and coconuts. An elephant eats as much as 500 pounds of vegetation consistently ... <!

March Questions Omnibus 2

March Questions Omnibus 2 On to the questions Arvind wrote, One more favour please, can I get a written form of that lecture by Prof. Franc Wilczec, it seems so very interesting.(I have a super slow net connection to download or hear an audible file. I dont know of a transcript of his talk, but there is a transcript of his Nobel lecture in Oslo here (sadly, a PDF file). Applicant asked, Does prof. wilzeck read UG applications??? Im not aware of his reading applications in the four years Ive worked in the office. Sreraman wrote, can u name a few more from faculty commitee who make ad. decisionsI am not able to believe that a nobel prize man like prof.wolf gang reads UG applicationsMit is cool!!!! can you name a few more from faculty commitee.I have sent my research papers with my app. will they be read by physics facultyWill they ever have time to read all that ????? Hmm hard to remember everyone, especially those I havent previously listed, but I do remember Profs. John Fernandez and Steve Graves being involved this year. Dov wrote, I know this is a little off-thread, but about how many total domestic admits were there this year? applicant wrote, i was just wondering if on friday, the day you mail, you could post the final numbers- aka # of applicants, # admitted, # waitlisted. i know id really like to know the stats. Ill post what numbers I can when I can. Alice McLorec asked, When is the RSI letter of notification going to be sent this year? On March 14, 2005? Elliot Lee asked, Is there anything we could do now that might influence the RSI decision? bob, who is off to Duke next year (*tear*) but still stops by the blog anyway, asked, Is it possible for a junior to be admitted to both MIT RSI? Curious wrote, I am wondering how many people applied to RSI, how many people applied to MITES, and how many applied to WTP. In addition, I wanted to know how many will be accepted for each of the three, and when notifications will be sent. Well, I did say, Because I do not work for the CEE or for MITE2S, I cant talk too much about the selection process or answer any questions about it. But Ill break my rules only slightly to say RSI notification is likely to be sent after 3/14 (the website explicitly says March 31, and I have no reason to think thats incorrect); sending in a strong application is all you can do to influence the RSI decision; I dont know about bobs question; I dont have any application/admit numbers for any of the programs, but usually the admit percentage for each of these programs is less than the overall MIT undergraduate admit percentage. Eric Schmiedl wrote, A question about MIT admissions philosophy. One of the things my schools college counselor said was big this year was demonstrated interest, the practice of inundating the admissions office(s) at your school(s) of choice with emails, letters, and phone calls essentially telling them how much you want to go there. How do MIT admissions people weigh the demonstrated interest of an applicant in the admissions process? I have heard about some schools, often schools more concerned about yield, who emphasize demonstrated interest. For example, have you visited the campus, called the office a lot, etc. MIT does not. Stanfords admissions website actually has a nice answer that echoes our philosophy, which Ill quote: Some students are concerned they must visit campus regularly, attend all our regional information sessions, or keep in close contact with our office in order to show their interest in Stanford. We give no preference in the admission process to those applicants who demonstrate interest through these actions. We believe that the best indication of a students ability to thrive at Stanford is through demonstrated excellence during high school and demonstrated effort through our written applications. I should note that a reasonable amount of demonstrated interest will come into play in the waitlist process in May; more on that in the future. NoCreativity wrote, do u consider majors when choosing studnets? like try to balance out the projected majors? What youre thinking of majoring in is one of many things that we consider in the process. We know, though, that approximately half of MIT students will not do the major they wrote on their application, and students are free to choose any major they want when they enroll at MIT, so this will not be a critical part of the decision. We have no quotas of majors. Chetan wrote, Does MIT keep a file or an overview for high schools in the U.S.? It seems impossible to establish a context for a student without being familiar with the high school they attended. [] Does MIT realize that it is exceedingly difficult to do research without paying thousands of dollars, and that I dont have any sort of program to be funneled through when comparing applicants? We have a pretty wide body of knowledge on high schools, towns, regions, etc. We dont rate high schools or anything like that, but as admissions professionals, we know a good amount about US and many international high schools. As for research, you might interested in checking out this discussion-provking article in yesterdays New York Times (free subscription required) about one high school research program. Chetan also wrote, Another tangent on context: do you consider the age of an applicant with regards to point in their high school career when they got a drivers license? Many, many opportunities open up when one gets a drivers license, especially work experience. (which ties into money, which ties into the research point above) I wouldnt say we think explicitly about drivers licenses much, but we know that many factors come into play when thinking about opportunities, including financial support, parental support, school support, and, yes, transportation. I sent in a CD with my application, not to be picked apart for musicality and difficulty, but to show my dedication to my punk band. Do admission readers simply forward any CDs or tapes to the music department to be evaluated, or do they listen to it themselves? Well know you sent in a CD. We provide the music CDs to the faculty to evaluate talent. For enthusiasm and dedication, we hope that will come through in the rest of the application. Philly Kid wrote, does MIT prefer that a post-calc student continue the math track or take a humanities course? i.e. Linear Algebra (following the MIT Syllabus) or AP Psychology? We hope that, when available, youll take a math course and a science course each year of high school. That doesnt mean you cant do AP Psych, too, or that if you dont do a post-Calc math class that youll automatically be rejected. But, in general, we prefer people to do math and science when they can. HSK wrote, I am frustrated. I have noticed that my Mid-Year Grade Report box has not been checked off in the MyMit website. I have confirmed with my school that the grade report has been sent (about a month ago). I hope this doesnt mean that it has not been received! K wrote, Is the admissions office still updating MyMIT? I am certain that my mid-year reports were sent in about two weeks ago, but they havent been checked off on the website. My counselor tells me not to worry about this because MIT is probably being flooded with mid-year reports right now and mine is sitting in a pile some where. Anyway, should I be worried? Kate wrote, Im having the same issue. Should I just assume that Ive been rejected, since decisions have already been made? SMer helped me out by replying, If your decision hinged on it, Im sure the MIT people would ask your school and you for the grades. Thats right. We dont always need your midyear grades to make a decision. If youve had all As 9th-11th, well probably assume that youll get pretty good midyear 12th grades. If we need them to make a decision, we will call your school. Weve done this many times over the past month. In short, dont worry. NIX asked, Is it true that my chances of getting in is close to 0 if I were an International Asian Male? I read that somewhere that if i were IAM, the chances of me getting into mit is the same as me getting hit by a thunderbolt. And MITCANADIAN asked, are internationals only placed in a pool by themselves as a whole? or are the internationals still divided according to races such as Asian American, Afro-America, and etc? There is no affirmative action in international admissions (kind of hard, since there are no *-Americans in the international pool). We will, as always, still consider context. So, if youre from a disadvantaged minority group in your country, from a lower socioeconomic background, etc., that will definitely be taken into consideration. In short, being an IAM doesnt really affect your chances one way or the other. As an international applicant, it will be hard in any case, with an admit rate of ~5%. Shashank wrote, I come to my point : what do you people do the screen OUT an applicant, at first glance at the summary card? SAT scores, grades, the application readers comments, what? Patrick asked, Just curious (since it doesnt apply to me at all) how many of the international applicants actually make it to committee? All applications were reviewed individually and holistically, considering all aspects of the application. Ultimately, the selection committee chose a bit over 100 international students from between 300 and 400 applications. mit_hopefulgirl wrote, I was just wondering which of the following criteria is Most important for selecting internationals? Credentials (olympiads, science fairs, research, athletic achievements etc.), personality, teacher recs, essays, exam grades or sat scores? The international process evaluates applications in the same way as domestic. I think someone (Nghi?) tricked me into answering a similar question some months ago, and then, I think I said something like everything is important (or else we wouldnt have asked for it), but when pressed, I would say that grades (marks) are most important, because good marks are a definite prerequisite beyond anything else. Tara wrote, My EC said during my interview that when she applied to MIT, Canadians were considered in the Domestic Applicants process. Why did this change? Ive heard this too, Tara, and I dont know the history. If youre admitted, be sure to ask Dean Marilee Jones during her IAP Admissions seminar. amai asked, How many from the Philippines applied this year? I dont know what international application numbers we normally give out, and Im not sure I can give out any more (so please dont ask!), but I believe we normally receive between one and two dozen applications from citizens of the Philippines. mit_hopefulgirl wrote, I dont know if this has been asked before (Im sorry if Im repeating a past qn), but for each country (e.g. Singapore), are the number of acceptees each year more or less constant? I did a little bit with the Operations Research folks here at MIT, and I find processes somewhat academically interesting. For example, I find it interesting that, for the most part, even with different inputs (applicants) each year, we dont see too many wild swings in any overall or categorical numbers of outputs (admits) from year to year. This tells me we have a pretty good standard process in place. Sometimes, though, there are medium to big fluctuations within countries or other subcategories. We dont always know why, but I usually attribute it to a change in inputs (e.g. an especially strong crop of applicants from a country or city). In short, things often stay somewhat constant but sometimes do very widely. sismo wrote, I have studied in 2 different education systems in the past 4 years of my High School life. Does the admission committe have members who can truly to a great extent understand the different international education systems. And does MIT consider the fact that I shifted education systems and does it give me the semester that I shifted education system as a hands off or does it give me some beverage as I was shifting education systems and also adjusting to the new and different education system and environment? We are very knowledgeable on many types of schools, and your moves will be an important part of your context that will be considered appropriately. neha wrote, although i am an indian citizen, i live in singapore and have given my exmas there. will my application be considered with the rest of indian resident students or singaporean resident students. Or there will be no specific country but just as an international applicant? And viggy asked, if i am an indian citizen , studying in Singapore. Then, which country will I be considered in while reading admissions. Youll be considered within both contexts. Jeremie L. wrote, Matt, please tell me the International Pool only contains non U.-S. Citizens. I am a U.-S. citizen currently living abroad, and I the odds of getting accepted applying as an International are downright depressing. I just realized, with a fright, that Ive maybe fooled myself all along, thinking where Id be judged. The domestic pool consists of US citizens and permanent residents, regardless of where they reside. The international pool consists of applicants who are not US citizens or permanent residents. Charles wrote, So Matt, the mail date can only be pushed back, right? it cant be pushed forward if there were any changes? Well, as of right now, it really looks like well mail tomorrow (Friday). user78 wrote, Im finally going to get my decision by March 18th. By the way Matt, does that date apply to international students as well because I was wondering, dont you have to send it by express mail so that the International students can recieve the letters by March 18th. user 1729 wrote, y donot u release decisions by email like other schoolswhat is the reason??? Carlos wrote, Matt, I have a problem. In Venezuela, mail takes ages to arrive (some forms MIT sent me when I registered for myMIT in september arrived to my house in November!!!). Must I wait for the letter?, or will it be another method to finding out? viggy wrote, There is no way we international applicants will get our decision in one week right. So if we call the office after 18th, can we find out about our decisions. sreraman wrote, could u plz send admission decisions by email or in MYMIT. mail takes ages to reach my city(chennai)I am sure that the decisions would not reach me by march 18th which in case Ill call MIT.so if majority of intl. applicants are goin to call like thatthen, i feel that its less tiring for MIT to inform us abt. the decisions by email.. Im sorry; for this year, we will not have any form of online decisions. If you are admitted and live abroad, we will send your decision via DHL. The decision should get to Chennai in about 3 days, according to the DHL website. You may call the office for your decision beginning Friday, March 18. MITCANADIAN asked, For DHL delivery to Internatoinal acceptees, are the mails registered with DHL? Im not involved with the DHLing, so I dont know the logistical aspects of it. Mariya asked, So does MIT keep with the standard practice of thick envelope = accepted, thin envelope = rejected ? A large envelope will be for admitted students, though a small (standard) envelope may be used for either waitlisted students or students not admitted. Anonymous asked, Dont our interviewers receive our decision via e-mail the day that decisions are mailed out? No. ECs (interviewers) will be able to view decisions about a week after decisions are mailed. Intl EC wrote, I have been an EC (Intl) for 3 years, but this is the first year that an assigned student has actually applied. When I look on the EC site, all it shows is FI for codes (both parts of application and interview). Does this mean that none of the recommendations or transcripts have been received by MIT? (seems odd that the student would apply and interview, but not submit recommendations or transcripts) or, is the EC site not updated properly? Thanks for reading, and thanks for being an interviewer! In the future, Id direct these questions to the EC Office, but I can tell you that yes, it does mean that we dont have recommendations or a transcript for that student. I might guess that they were admitted early to another school. Derek Hzuo wrote, Hello. I havent applied to MIT yet, but I was thinking about getting arowned to it this weekend. Think theirs a chance? Sorry, Derek, the deadline passed a long time ago. [A slightly devious part of me wonders what Strongbad would do with this] still worried asked, So is there any chance that you will look at the supplements which didnt make it to the committee room? Yes. I even saw some today. Anonymous asked, Are there any supplements this year that youve found to be particularly weird/interesting/cool/compelling? And Justin wrote, Im just a bit curious, but what were some of the most interesting things you saw for the answer to the optional question, show us something that you made? There were definitely some supplements that were quite interesting, but Im not too good at remembering them unprompted. My friends are always disappointed that I dont have a list of funny essays on the top of my head S wrote, Hmm, I just did my application like it told me to, following the directions. I didnt do any uber-creative supplement or try to make it funny. You do still admit some people like me, right? Absolutely. Id say the majority are like you. I know I was. tim_master_ice wrote, hi! im a freshman in high school and i want to learn more about how i can get admitted into MIT. can u help me? Youre starting early; thats good, but dont allow your high school career be overwhelmed by the goal of college admission. I encourage you to keep an open mind (there are many great schools like MIT, and youll definitely change some over the next few years). Some advice would be to do well in school, do things you really enjoy and take advantage of opportunities in those areas, and be a good person. Hopeful Indian wrote, Hey Matt once u take a decision you dont change it based on the end of 12th year marks do you? cause u see 28th coincides exactly with the last day of my final exams and I dont think Ican get a lot of studying done with all the tension. We do require final grades/marks from all admitted students. We expect all students to finish their last year strongly. Halifax asked, Hey Matt, if i made a C this quarter, would you guys retract your acceptance letter if I get in? Id say that one C in one quarter by itself is very unlikely to get an acceptance revoked. However, you should continue to strive for the best grades you can. Statistical Analysis wrote, On a side note, MITs wait list is quite generous when compared to those of other schools. You can expect a 15-20% chance of ultimately getting admitted if you are wait-listed. This wasnt a question, but I do need to set the record straight. The waitlist varies from year to year. Some years we have admitted greater than 100 from the waitlist. Other years, such as the past two years, we have been unable to go to the waitlist at all. We always hope to use the waitlist, and we do hope to use it this year. nghi wrote, hey matt, can you talk about the different study abroad programs like the MIT-Cambridge Undergraduate Exchange? I promise Ill do an entry on this sometime in the next month remind me, though, please? blah wrote, hey matt, i recently got a call from the admissions office telling me to email some info regarding my travel plans to cpw to oropeva at mit dot edu and they even told me to repeat the email twice to confirm it. blah, I think the email you want is oropeza at mit dot edu. AES wrote, Do you know how I could find out about the pre-orientation session at MIT? My family making vacation plans, and Id like more information about it (dates, cost, etc.) I think you mean the small programs that occur in August just prior to freshman orientation. If so, direct your questions to the Orientation Office. Shahab Umer wrote, Matt, does the phrase A Gift of God ring a bell? Yes or no answer only please! Yes, it does (Im not going to follow your instructions); gift of God is apparently the meaning of the name Matthew. T.L. wrote, Hey sense it seems like u r into music i have a question for u OK.. Do u know by any chance who sings that song Do u believe in Magic IDK if that is actually called that BUT u know it goes like Do u believe in magic in a young girls heart.. u know well if u can Post it back on my BLOG that would be great thanks ans i LUV ur blog cause i LUV music BUH BYE T.L Well, TL, my magic google skills tell me that Do You Believe in Magic? was written by John Sebastian. A quick bio snippet from VH1 says, John Sebastian has had a varied career as a singer, songwriter, and musician. As the leader of the folk-rock band the Lovin Spoonful, he was responsible for a string of Top Ten hits in 1965-1967 that included the chart-toppers Daydream and Summer in the City, and he returned to number one in 1976 as a solo artist with Welcome Back. He wrote or co-wrote those hits as well as many others, along with songs used on Broadway and in the movies. And as an instrumentalist, primarily playing harmonica, he has accompanied a wide range of artists including Judy Collins, Crosby, Stills Nash, the Doors, Bob Dylan, the Everly Brothers, Art Garfunkel, Gordon Lightfoot, Laura Nyro, Graham Parker, Dolly Parton, Peter, Paul Mary, John Prine, and Bonnie Raitt. [] The Lovin Spoonful signed to Kama Sutra Records (an offshoot of MGM Records) and in the summer of 1965 released their first single, Do You Believe in Magic, on which he sang lead vocals (as he did on all the groups singles while he was a mem ber, in addition to writing or co-writing all their hits). It peaked in the Top Ten, and so did its follow-up, You Didnt Have to Be So Nice, while a Do You Believe in Magic album, released in the fall, spent eight months in the charts. Thats it! Tomorrow we mail!

Essay about Health Care Reform in the United States

Health Care Reform Health care has been an area of discussion for some time now. In the United States, the current health care system is a private system that allows individuals to choose their own method of care. Despite the freedom that comes with the independent nature of this type of health care system, the true disposition creates more problems than it solves. The privacy of the health care institutions has caused affordability and access to become serious issues with this system. Additionally, those with lower socioeconomic status fall short of the ability to access the same pool of resources as everyone else. Due to the issues with affordability, access, and the poor infrastructure of the health care system, a universal health†¦show more content†¦These facts point out that the system currently at play is rather ineffective and therefore ought to be changed. Money plays a huge role in access, therefore it is a vital issue to discuss. Within the current system, lack of money results in lack of health care, which leaves thousands of people without any health care coverage. Between 2001 and 2005, the number of people paying for health insurance increased 30%, however income only raised 3% (Health Care Problems). Adequate income is a necessity and unfortunately that is not present. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, the average annual premium across the country is $16,000. Currently, the average annual income in the United States is $51,107. Mint Money Management suggests that about 4-6% of one’s total income should be spent on insurance, including life, disability, and health insurance. However, the averages in the United States show that the average person spends about 31% of their income on health insurance, which is not financially beneficial. When this rise in health insurance is not parallel to the inflation of income, innocent people are left without a method to achieve health care. There is a program for those who can’t afford health insurance out of pocket nor have access to it, and that is called Medicaid. Issues still exist with the program. There is only so much funding, which leaves many still uninsured. Additionally, people with Medicaid have difficultyShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Reform : The United States Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesfeel heath care reform was necessary, health care costs affect the economy, the federal budget, and virtually every American’s family’s financial well-being. According to Obama, â€Å"In 2008, the United States devoted 16% of the economy to health care, an increase of almost one-quarter since 1998 (when 13% of the economy was spent on health care), yet much of that spending did not translate into better outcomes for patients† (Obama, 2016, p.526). In 2008, 1 in 7 Americans did not have health insuranceRead MoreHealth Care Reform For The United States3412 Words   |  14 PagesObviously, good health is a major factor of being happy and satisfied with an Americans’ life. People also place family and friends very high on the list of value for health care insurance. Health care has become the stress to every person’s life. Health care controls everything a person does due to the drawbacks of not having it when it is necessary; like breaking an arm or coming down with a deathly illness. With these issues, it is said that reforms are on their way. â€Å"Health care reform will be onRead MoreHealth Care Reform For The United States2292 Words   |  10 PagesHealth care in the United States needs to be reformed to be more equitable to all citizens regardless of their race and financial situation. Those in charge of reforming health care should consider the principles of social justice outlined in Catholic social teaching as guidelines for ethical health care reform. Those principles are: the dignity of human beings, the common good, solidarity, and subsidiarity. These four social-justice principles provi de a foundation for a virtuous and economicallyRead MoreEssay On Health Care Reform In The United States1562 Words   |  7 Pages Healthcare Reform in Two States The Affordable Care Act was into law March 2010. The law has planned to make wide-range of changes to healthcare in the United States. The Affordable Care Act efforts to offer universal right to use to healthcare for Americans, control the rising costs of healthcare, adjust the private insurance industry complete things like state-based private exchanges and online marketplace that brings together state-approved insurance plans from multiple companies so consumersRead MoreNew Health Care Reform For The United States860 Words   |  4 Pages New Health Care Reform In 2014, the US entered into the force sensational health care reform of the protection of patients in the United States, which is called The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Under this reform, all the citizens and residents of the country are required to have health insurance. It has also caused many discussions and opinions among people. Supporters of it say that this is a significant step forward, since there is no company that can refuse a person in the insuranceRead More Health Care Reform in the United States Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Reform in the United States In the United States, more than forty million people are without health insurance. Of these people, many are employed by firms that do not offer coverage and many others fall just below the poverty line. Many are poor but still do not qualify for Medicaid. At least twelve million of those without health insurance are children. Reliable sources indicate that the number of uninsured people could rise as high as sixty million by the year 2010. ThereRead More Health Care Reform in the United States Essays1876 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"We will pass reform that lowers cost, promotes choice, and provides coverage that every American can count on. And we will do it this year.† The preceding is a powerful statement from the newly elected President Barak Obama. One of the main aspects of both political campaigns was health care reform. The above quote shows passion and encouragement, but the quotes about health care do not end there. Georgian republican gubernatorial candidate and health care policy maker John Oxendine expressed:Read MoreHealth Care Reform Throughout The United States2059 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Health care reform and health care itself has been a debatable subject for quite some time. Health care is a major issue that is found not only in the United States, but around the world. Controversy has gone around this subject due to the causes and effects of the reform and the matter of not being successful as many hoped. The World Prosperity Organization and the Institute of Medicine have two intriguing viewpoints about health care reform and what is needed to be done. The World ProsperityRead MoreHealth Care Reform and How the United States Got There.3541 Words   |  15 PagesHealth Care Reform and How the United States Got There. For over a decade our healthcare system has been flawed, and for over a decade several Presidents have tried to reform the health industry with little success. Advocates of health care reform have been met with great controversy and resistance since as early as 1854 when President Franklin Pierce vetoed the â€Å"Land-Grant Bill for Indigent Insane Persons† that would benefit the indigent insane, â€Å"by arguing that the federal government shouldRead MoreThe Health Care Crisis And An Understanding Of The Reforms2277 Words   |  10 PagesA. The health care crisis and an understanding of the reforms The American Health Care system to say the least is wasteful, bloated, and generally inefficient and therefore in dire need for immediate review. This has largely been as a result of factors such as costs, poor investment return for outlays, inequitably distribution, and being based on anachronistic business model geared at treating diseases more than promoting wellness. The figures are all there to see why a radical surgery of the health

Millennials Cant Buy Property Soon Enough - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1187 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Millennials Essay Did you like this example? Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we started this project we designed a survey to answer our original research question which was to determine whether or not there was a relation between how many people live in a home versus the cost of the mortgage payment or rent. From this we were attempting to prove that higher costs of living required more than one income thus leading to more people living in the house. However we did not have enough question that could narrow down how many people were actually making money in the house as opposed to a dependent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon running multiple data tests we did find there was a relation between age group and homeownership. The questions that helped us determine this relationship were; what is your age and do you own or rent. It has been a topic of many studies that people have a much harder time today buying a house then people did 30 years earlier so I decided to take that piece of data and further research what the major causes of the decline in home ownership is. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Millennials Cant Buy Property Soon Enough" essay for you Create order Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within the last 30 years home prices have increased drastically while income has increased at a much slower rate. This has been attributed to much of the fault as to why home ownership rates are down and while it is a factor, there are also many more factors that have attributed to lower rates. So what does actually contribute to the decline in home ownership? Are we just making excuses or is there more to it? I have found that there is much more to it and I will discuss how marriage, kids, ethnicity, education and student loans impact the home ownership rates today. Literature Review In the article; Heres why millions of millennials are not homeowners. (Nova 2018) the author goes over several reasons why millennials are having a hard time buying a home. The number one reason for the drop in home ownership rate is the fact that millennials are getting married later than previous generations. This factor alone has an 18% negative impact on home ownership rates. This leads to having children later which contributes another 6% negative impact on home ownership rates. One of the main reasons for this is education. Instead of getting married and having children early, people are opting to get their degrees and professional lives together first. Student loan debt of 100K or more can lower the home ownership rate by 15%. So if you are a Hispanic female going through school using student loans and your not married or have any children then you have less than a 10% chance of owning a home during that time frame. Although education does lower home ownership rates for these reasons you are well worth waiting because the rates of home ownership for someone with a college degree are 71.4% compared to someone with a high school education has a 60.4% chance of being a home owner. Another factor of lower home ownership rates that the article expresses is that Millennials are more ethnically diverse. Statistics from American Housing Survey state that in 2015 home ownership rates by race are as follows. White: 70.8%, Black: 42.2%, Asian, Pacific Islander: 56.6%, Hispanic: 45.4%, Other: 49.0%. What the statement implies is that a predominantly white community becomes a mixed community causing home ownership rates to go down. There are two more factors the article talks about, one is the high prices of both homes and rent costs. The article states that most Millennials are rent burdened so its nearly impossible to save to buy a home. The last factor was actually a positive factor which shows that people that grow up with parents that are home owners increases their chance of buying a home by 10%. Growing up in that environment sets a standard in your mind that home ownership is the ultimate symbol of success so it becomes a higher priority in your mind. Methods of Research Initially what we did is constructed an 18 question survey to try and verify if there is a relation between housing cost and housing density. Once we determined our questions we sent a link through social media to try and reach out to as many people as possible. We choose this method because we wanted to get answers from a wide range area. The area of response was concentrated within the Los Angeles, Riverside, and Anaheim area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After we gathered 40 surveys we converted the data to an excel sheet and eventually into IBMs SPSS system where we ran multiple T-test that were inconclusive and ran a chi square test. We were unfortunately not able to find a correlation between hosing costs and home density but we did however find a correlation between age and home ownership while running another chi square test.   Through that chi square test we found there was a 0.011 asymptotic significance between age and home ownership which means there is a significant relationship between the two data sets. It also showed that out of the 40 surveys only 8 were home owners in which 7 of those were in the 29-68 category while only 1 was in the 18-28 category. The other 32 respondents were either renting or living with family. From this piece of data we changed our research question to; Does age have an impact on home ownership rates? Discussion and Conclusion As I began the research, I found there are multiple reasons for the decline in home ownership rates. Some of those reasons include, Income vs housing costs, the reduction of non-white families, overall decrease in married couples with kids, and most importantly the mortgage crash of 2008. I also found factors that increase home ownership rates such as an aging population and an increase in education, however the factors that increase home ownership rates are outweighed by the factors that decrease home ownership rates so there is currently a net loss from 1985. The research done in the literature review shows multiple reason why there is a decline in home ownership but is it necessarily a bad thing? If you were optimistic you might say that this is not a problem at all, it is in fact encouraging to know that people are striving to become more educated. Studies show that people with a college degree have a 71.4% chance of being a home owner so even though home ownership rates of younger ages are effected initially, more people will eventually own homes in the future. The lack of home ownership is a sign of a weakening economy but as more educated people enter the market the better we will be able to solve the issue and close the gap in affordability. We have many different case studies and articles built around the struggle of home ownership today and education is the key to understanding, studies should be reevaluated and questioned as to whether the implication are positive or negative in the immediate context or the future or both? If I were to believe it was an issue I would research low income housing studies to find out what solutions are proposed because ultimately the reason younger people are not buying property is because they simply dont have the money for it.

Tennessee Temple Free Essays

Islam is the religion articulated by the Quran, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of the single incomparable God and by the Islamic prophet Muhammad’s demonstrations and real-life examples. The word Islam is a homograph, having multiple meanings which are directly interpret as peace. Other meanings include submission or the total surrender of oneself to God. We will write a custom essay sample on Tennessee Temple or any similar topic only for you Order Now The origin of Islam dates back to the creation of the world. All the prophets who came to this world preached the same message of believing in one God and to accept them as His messenger. The prophets were also blessed with a manifestation of divine will or truth. Likewise, Prophet Mohammad was also a messenger of God. He revealed the truth and the way of life through the Holy Quran. Before the birth of Prophet Mohammad, the Arab society was sunk into darkness. Although the Arabs believed in the unity of God, but they also claimed that God has entrusted His duties to various gods, goddesses and idols. For this purpose, they had more than 360 idols. They considered angels as the daughters of God. They were ignorant of social values. They were nomadic people who were dependent on cattle for their living. There was no government or law. All power existed with the rich. The society was full of barbarity and brutality. Tribes fought with each other over trivial matters for centuries. A slight argument over horses or water could lead to the slaughtering of thousands of innocent people. It was the birth of Prophet Mohammad in 570 A. D in the city of Makkah which brought a revolution to the entire fate of the nomadic Arabs. He became famous among the people of Makkah at a very early age because of his allegiance and reliability. He was widely known as Al-Ameen or honest, trustworthy. At the age of 40, when Mohammad was meditating at Mt. Hera, he received a revelation from God. The angel Gabriel said to him, â€Å"Iqra† which means â€Å"to read†. Mohammad replied â€Å"I cannot read†. Gabriel embraced and released him. Then the first five verses of God were revealed to him who said, â€Å"Recite in the name of your Lord who created! He created man, out of a (mere) clo th of congealed blood. Recite; and thy Lord is most bountiful. He who had taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not. † Mohammad started proclaiming the message of believing in one God. The people who once called him â€Å"Trustworthy† and â€Å"Honest† boycotted and plotted to kill him. In 622 A. D. , due to worsening living conditions and social isolation, was broken in 629 A. D by the non-Muslims of the Makkans. Mohammad moved towards Makkah with 10,000 men and the battle was won without a single Prophet Mohammad migrated to Medina along with his followers. This flight was known as Hijrah and marks the beginning of the Muslims calendar. Mohammad’s message spread rapidly and the number of followers increased in Medina. During the next few years, a series of battles were fought between various tribes of Makkah and the Muslims of Medina. In 628 A. D, the Treaty of Hudaibiyah was signed between the two parties. Truce was declared for 10 years. The treaty bloodshed. Mohammad died in 632 A. D, at the age of 63 in the city of Medina. Mohammad’s death brought a huge catastrophe among Muslims. People could not believe that Mohammad had left them forever. Many of the followers were perplexed and distraught, and claimed him to be still living. At that time Moha mmad funeral, Abu Bakr, who was the most respected of all the followers affirmed that, â€Å"O people, those of you who worshipped Mohammad, Mohammad has died. And those of you who worshipped God, God is still living. † Now being a Muslim requires that they read their Quran or their bible. â€Å"Reading† The Quran is the â€Å"Word of God† to Islam. About 4/5 the length of the New Testament. Muslims believe the identical book is in Heaven and Allah sent the angel Gabriel to Mohammed to reveal his â€Å"Word†. The Quran is divided into 114 chapters or Surahs. The Surahs are revelations given to Mohammed during his 23 years of â€Å"Prophet Hood† from 610 AD to 632 AD. The Quran, composed during Mohammed’s lifetime corresponds to the time and circumstances of his life. The Surahs or chapters can be divided into three time periods. The earliest Surahs are the shortest and known as Early Meccan, and date from 610 to 622 AD. Composed in Mecca, prior to Hejira where Mohammed fled to Medina in September 622 AD. The Median Surahs were composed during the time Muslims controlled the city of Medina. They date from 622 to 630 AD. The doctrine of Jihad was introduced as war was waged against Mecca and its idol worshipers. Animosity toward the Jews and Christians increased as they rejected Mohammed as a prophet from God. Late Meccan Surahs were between 630 and 632 AD. The last 2 years of Mohammed’s life after Mecca surrendered to his authority. Surahs were at this time not collected in one book but were memorized and collected on various items. In the battle of Yamamah in 633 AD many of the Hafiz died. The Hafiz were Muslims who had committed much of the Quran to memory. With the urging of Umar, Zayd ibn Thabit, one of Mohammed most trusted secretaries was appointed to the task of collecting the Quran into one book. Still later after different versions of the Quran began to appear Zayd was put in charge of collecting all the Qurans throughout the Muslim world and issuing an authorized copy in the place of one’s collected. The Quran makes the appeal to its beauty and consistency with previous scriptures as proof of its inspiration. The teaching of Quran and Hadith (sayings of Prophet Mohammad) revolves around two Arabic words namely, Emaan (Faith) and Amaal (Acts). Emaan is like the roots of a tree and Amaal are the stems, leaves or other parts of it. Just as without the roots, the tree cannot survive, similarly, without faith, the acts are useless. The teachings of Quran emphasize mostly on the beliefs and an overview the acts, whereas the Hadith explains both beliefs and acts in details. Muslims believe that although there may be reservations in the Hadith, but Quran is free from all the mistakes and is infallible. Quran is comprised of 114 Surahs (chapters) and 6236 Ayats (verses). Quran was preserved through writing and memorization. Undoubtedly, today Quran is the only book which is fully memorized by more than 10 million people all over the world. The teachings of Quran confirm the revelations of other books and scriptures on various prophets. But, at the same time, all these books are considered to be corrupted with time and do not contain the original script of God. The six articles of faith are the main doctrines of Islam. All Muslims share beliefs in God, Angels, Scriptures, Prophets, Resurrection and Divine Creed. They also believe in the five pillars of faith. These are duties each Muslim performs to demonstrate his or her faith. They include: Testimony of Faith, Prayer, Almsgiving, Fasting and Pilgrimage or taking a trip somewhere. How to cite Tennessee Temple, Papers

Sociologyofsport Essays - University Of Central Florida,

sociologyofsport "I'm going to have to let you go," says coach Tim Koth to another former player as he adds another notch to his belt. "It's nothing personal, I like you," he says, "but I have to look at this as a business." Is that what it is? I always looked at sport as an outlet, or even an opportunity; but sport is a business, that has become the cruel reality of modern day sport. This paper will discuss various aspects and show different examples of some ways in which this fact is apparent. I am a unit, specifically, a mere employee within a corporation earning just around four thousand dollars per year. Quincy University (as well as other universities) represents the corporation; it is because of Quincy University that I will never see my four thousand dollars per year. The volleyball team, and other teams belonging to the corporation, are the manufacturers...the moneymakers. So when I, or any other employee, is not working out efficiently, then the boss needs to "let me go." As much as they (meaning, the coaches) might say that they care for the individual, their care is only skin deep. Every individual on a team is expendable, and every individual, at one point or another, will be replaced. Coaches will typically form relationships with their players on an authoritative level. The coaches will normally develop a method in which they control nearly every aspect of the player's life (Sage 149). It can be anything from eating habits, extra curricular activities, and training for the associated sport, to such things as dating behaviors and other social characteristics of the normal life of a college student...it's a trap. This is the situation: a high school student with an exceptional athletic background and satisfying grades is recruited to a division one school with a healthy scholarship to play basketball. He accepts the offer and signs his National Letter of Intent which declares that if the student wishes to play for another institution he must first take a full year off from playing his designated sport. In that effect, the student athlete is bound to this institution; however, the institution is not bound to the athlete (Eitzen 111). The student has no qualms about signing this piece of paper; he feels that this is just a small price to pay in the way of higher education. After the first year of college, however, the student finds that he is incapable of competing at such a high level, and what once was a way to pay for the greater part of his education has become his downfall. His contract is non-renewable, non-negotiable; the once caring coaching staff has "let him go." Since signing his let ter of intent, he has no chance at playing basketball for even a division two or three school, and is left with no way to pay for his education...it's a trap. Colleges should, in the future, offer two to four year scholarships to exemplify their commitment to athletes as student representatives (Eitzen 118). In college, the athlete considers himself or herself to be an elite, which is true based on a table of progression within the National Federation of State High School Associations data, stating that only five percent of all high school athletes are able to carry their athletic career into a collegiate level (Sage 52). This is one example of the business aspect of sport. If this were not true, then anyone that wanted to play in a particular sport, could. College sport has grown from simple intramural and recreational facets of life to large-scale commercial entertainment. We have come to an era in which sports are not only a part of our everyday life, but they almost control us. The topic arises in nearly every conversation, example: "how ?bout them Bears?!" The mention of a sporting team is a means of casual conversation, an icebreaker, and even has certain politics involved as well. Then you have your schools, the corporations, which have come to rely on sports as a means of attracting more students and other gratuities (i.e. major endorsements and other various sponsorships). One can be sure that nobody goes to Ohio State because of its outstanding fine arts

Free Essays on Prairie Style

Prairie Style (1900-1920) "Democracy needed something basically better than the box." Frank Lloyd Wright Around the 1900’s a group of Chicago architects developed a distinct mid-western residential style known as the Prairie Style. They rejected the currently popular revivals of historic styles, to create buildings that harmonized with the Midwestern prairie. Many architects consider examples of Prairie Style to be the first truly modern architectural design. The most acknowledged architect of this style was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Wright believed, â€Å"that a design drew its beauty from within from its own structure rather than from applied decoration.† Wright created the idea of "organic architecture." The main principle of this belief is that the building should develop out of its natural surroundings. Many Identifying features of a Prairie Style: Low, horizontal silhouette Wide overhanging eaves extending from the main house that emphasize horizontal lines Broad, low-pitched roof Huge square porch supports Walls of light-colored brick or stucco and wood Rows of small casement windows; stained-glass accents in floral or geometric designs All walls at right angles (no curves) Large, plain rectangular chimney The Prairie house was free-flowing, thought to be very practical. They all had built-in furniture, and fixtures, which were treated with as much importance as the architectural elements. The Prairie Style house had a strong horizontal appearance, which was emphasized by porches, walls, and terraces extruding from the main structure. Windows were arranged in horizontal ribbons and often featured stained glass in floral or geometric patterns. Historical interest in the Prairie Style has come and gone. About the time of World War I, interest in technology was on the rise and the machine age caused Prairie Style Housing to be ... Free Essays on Prairie Style Free Essays on Prairie Style Prairie Style (1900-1920) "Democracy needed something basically better than the box." Frank Lloyd Wright Around the 1900’s a group of Chicago architects developed a distinct mid-western residential style known as the Prairie Style. They rejected the currently popular revivals of historic styles, to create buildings that harmonized with the Midwestern prairie. Many architects consider examples of Prairie Style to be the first truly modern architectural design. The most acknowledged architect of this style was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Wright believed, â€Å"that a design drew its beauty from within from its own structure rather than from applied decoration.† Wright created the idea of "organic architecture." The main principle of this belief is that the building should develop out of its natural surroundings. Many Identifying features of a Prairie Style: Low, horizontal silhouette Wide overhanging eaves extending from the main house that emphasize horizontal lines Broad, low-pitched roof Huge square porch supports Walls of light-colored brick or stucco and wood Rows of small casement windows; stained-glass accents in floral or geometric designs All walls at right angles (no curves) Large, plain rectangular chimney The Prairie house was free-flowing, thought to be very practical. They all had built-in furniture, and fixtures, which were treated with as much importance as the architectural elements. The Prairie Style house had a strong horizontal appearance, which was emphasized by porches, walls, and terraces extruding from the main structure. Windows were arranged in horizontal ribbons and often featured stained glass in floral or geometric patterns. Historical interest in the Prairie Style has come and gone. About the time of World War I, interest in technology was on the rise and the machine age caused Prairie Style Housing to be ... Free Essays on Prairie Style During the beginning of 20th century a new architectural style started gain popularity among a group of Chicago architects, a distinct mid-western residential style known as the Prairie Style. They rejected the popular architectural styles during those days which were generally revivals of historic styles, instead they tried to create buildings which were harmonized with the Midwestern prairie. There have been lots of different modernization attempts in architecture history probably the most successful among those that considered to be the first truly modern architectural design and style is the prairie style. Probably one of the most famous architects of this style was Frank Lloyd Wright. He believed that â€Å"a design drew its beauty from within, from its own structure, rather than from applied decoration.† Wright created the idea of "organic architecture." The main principle of this belief is that the building should develop out of its natural surroundings. Between the years 1893 and 1901, which are known as the architect’s early years, 49 buildings were built which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. His early houses were perfect examples showing his unique talent as a young architect. They all had their own, characteristic style, reminding of a horizontal plane, with no basements or attics. Built with natural materials and never painted, Wright utilized low-pitched rooflines with deep overhang and uninterrupted walls and windows to merge the horizontal homes into their environments. He built large brick fireplaces in the heart of the home, and made the internal space flow into one another. He believed in the idea that he had created and what he called â€Å"Organic Architecture†, by which he meant that a house must grow out of the needs of the people and the character of the country like a living organism. By rejecting using all ornaments, Wright broke with the traditions of many centuries. This makes those ideas rev...

Phronesis Definition and Examples

Phronesis Definition and Examples In classical rhetoric, phronesis is prudence or practical wisdom. Adjective: phronetic. In the ethical treatise On Virtues and Vices (sometimes attributed to Aristotle), phronesis is characterized as the wisdom to take counsel, to judge the goods and evils and all the things in life that are desirable and to be avoided, to use all the available goods finely, to behave rightly in society, to observe due occasions, to employ both speech and action with sagacity, to have expert knowledge of all things that are useful (translated by H. Rackam). Etymology:From the Greek, think, understand Practical Wisdom [The] concept of persuasion points . . . to the human capacity for practical judgment. By judgment I mean the mental activity of responding to particular situations in a way that draws upon our sensations, beliefs, and emotions without being dictated by them in any way reducible to a simple rule. This kind of judgment may involve integrating new information into existing patterns of thought, readjusting those patterns to make room for a new perspective, or both. There are several sorts of judgmentlogical, aesthetic, political, and perhaps othersbut the concept I have in mind is linked most closely to what Aristotle called practical wisdom, or phronesis, and what Aquinas discussed as prudence, and it is also linked to our idea of common sense.(Bryan Garsten, Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment. Harvard Univ. Press, 2006) Phronesis in Speakers and Audiences To the extent that rhetoric is conceived as an art, capable of practical refinement, phronēsis, or practical wisdom, is often considered to be one of the by-products or relational goods enhanced and cultivated through rhetorical conduct. For Aristotle, practical wisdom was one of the rhetorical constituents of ethos. But perhaps most important, this overriding intellectual virtue was also cultivated in audiences through the practice of deliberation. In fact, the methods of invention and argument, along with the vast array of commonplaces and topoi, may all be conceived as devices for the enhancement of phronēsis in speakers and audiences.(Thomas B. Farrell, Phronēsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Phronesis and Invented Ethos Reasoning persuades because we think it is a sign of character. No one infers that because someone is a doctor and knows health, that the doctor is therefore healthy. But we make that ​inference all the time with respect to rhetoric and phronēsis. We assume that if someone can give good advice, he or she must be a good person. Such inferences are grounded in the belief that phronēsis and goodness are more than knowledge. Reasoning is persuasive to us because it is evidence, fallible and defeasible as all such evidence must be, of phronēsis and character.It is evidence for the character created in the speech [that is, invented ethos].(Eugene Carver, Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994) The Example of Pericles In the Rhetoric [of Aristotle], Pericles is an exemplary figure of rhetorical effectiveness both for his skillful choice of persuasive strategies and for the persuasive appeal of his own character. That is, Pericles exemplifies how closely successful rhetoric is tied to phronēsis: the best rhetors possess a practical wisdom that can discern the most effective means of persuasion in any specific situation, including an appeal to their own reputations as persons of practical wisdom. Aristotle builds the phronetic power of discernment into his influential definition of rhetoric as the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion . . ..(Steven Mailloux, Rhetorical Hermeneutics Still Again: or, On the Track of Phronēsis. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)

Russian Independence in and how it relates to Edmund Burke's Theory Term Paper

Russian Independence in and how it relates to Edmund Burke's Theory - Term Paper Example (Bova, 2003, pg 9) Overview of Russian history In the period between 1970s and early 1980s, Russia was a calm nation that maintained the status quo. The president at that time, Leonid Brezhnev, was widely regarded as an incompetent leader, who kept a cabinet full of old, tired individuals who were not highly charged nor inspired. Moreover, the military kept away from political matters and there were not even the slightest sense of unrest among the population. However, this state had a negative impact on Russia’s economy at the time and she started falling behind economically as compared to other nations such as the United States, Japan Europe and China (Hough 61). The turn of events that eventually led to the revolution after the 1989 elections have the symptoms like the ones held by Edward Burke in his theory of modern revolution. This paper, therefore seeks to argue the events that led to the Russian coup de tat and to provide evidence whether they conformed or disagreed to the theory proposed by Burke. An overview of Edmund Burke’s Theory of Modern Revolution Burke started to have thoughtful insights into political matters such as the French revolution as early as 1787-8. He accurately predicted that the revolution will be a total catastrophe. He attributed it mostly to philosophies that had created a rift between divine will the general human population. Burke had two insights concerning modern revolution in France. One, he believed that the French still had the aspects of the ancient constitution and he gave an example of the ancient constitution of England. He believed that after the constitutions reforms, there was great possibility of adopting a good constitutional progress that would be peaceful. He believed that there was no need for any inhuman acts that would bring down prominent leaders that ruled the land. He never believed or advocated for the revolution way of dealing with political matters. These revolution issues lead to Burke wa nting to get more insights into it. It leads many people to know Burke as the inciter of conservativeness during the century. He argued that revolution would be the last solution in resolving the catastrophes that entangled any government. He viewed revolutions as a past gone philosophy, which easily destroyed the morality of the society, and in fact it broke the social ties the society enjoyed. Revolution, according to Burke, is a process that undermined the essence of civilization. He looked at the revolution approach as the destructor of the normal orders and positional powers. Authority was undermined by revolution also. He viewed that those who did not respect the law, and those that used violence to enforce their ideas, were the main cause of revolution, which had the basis of destruction and harmful intentions. (Burke & Clark, 2001, pg 69) Burke’s theory did not analyze what revolution was all about, but focused on the originality of the revolution, the violence and th e religious implications it caused to the society, the sudden collapse of the government, and the results all these actions lead to. Burke therefore had an outstanding opinion that was greatly respected in the nineteenth century. His support for the older reign in France was the main pointer to how he greatly opposed revolution. He

Free topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Free topic - Research Paper Example According to Ferraro and Andreatta, systems of arranged marriages assist to maintain the caste system, while the fathers have a role to marry off their daughters before puberty (214). The variation of social ranks affects the stability and formation of long lasting relationships intended between the betrothed couple. Even though the couple may identify each other early enough, the social status matters and has to be considered by the brides’ family. Most women in the Indian modern society are trying to change the tradition, by involving their free choice of marriage partners based on educational influence. Despite the education level, there has been little effort made in relation to reducing early marriages after increasing education (â€Å"Dommaraju,† cairn.info). The Mahabharata teaching from Yayati story, expresses how Yayati had declined to marry Davayani, since he knew they both belonged to different ranks. Yayati found it unworthy for him to marry a high rank woma n from a Brahmin royalty. The cultural approval of men in the Indian society relates with how Yayati waited for Devayani’s father’s blessing to his marriage. ... According to Thurston, southern Indians superstitions that involve a quivering feeling in the right arm are meant to symbolize a marriage union, with a beautiful lady as some good luck (Gutenberg.org). In the event of a throb or shake of a body part, such an occurrence is identified with a happening and the individuals should be careful to know the next step to take if it was a bad or good sign. This is a body language among the people of India that has been passed from down to the modern generation. Divayani was pulled from the well by the right hand of Yayati, which may have caused a shake on her body. Indian men have to be keen when using their right hands, to avoid extending a burden of marriage on their part. While it may happen, some men and women may feel lucky for having identified a woman of their life based on their traditional cultures. You will find that there is limited shaking of hands in formal and informal gatherings at a public domain, between men and women, even if they are married (Bisht 181). This is probably one of the reasons for young individuals’ disengagement within young individuals, besides an act of showing respect. On the contrary, (Bisht 181) mentions that members of the same sex, like male to male would be free to express their friendship even if it meant walking arm in arm. Women as tempting beings: for a long time the women in the Indian society are considered to be immoral beings, with an ability to seduce men into immoral conduct that the society disassociates from. Women are therefore married at an early age so as to prevent them from engaging into dissolute behaviors. Following Ferraro and Andreatta’s statement, women in Hindu society have for centuries been viewed as lustful beings, who would do any thing to tempt

Literature Review of Self Leadership and Creativity

Literature Review of Self Leadership and Creativity The purpose of this literature review is to study and critique a number of academic articles and scholarly literatures in the area of self-leadership and specifically its influence on creativity. With the promising growth of human resource practice, concepts such as self-leadership and creativity become indispensable parts of the HRM framework. Upon careful assessment of the different contributors and impact of self-leadership, subsequent recommendations for future research and implications for contemporary human resource practice will be devised upon the findings of this literature review. Research Methods In locating the relevant literature materials, various popular management databases such Ebsco, ProQuest and Infotrac were consulted. They keywords used in facilitating the search include self-leadership, creativity, self-motivation, employee influence and contemporary human resource management. The result of the bundle of literature includes case studies, empirical research (both qualitative and quantitative) and scholarly journal articles. A diversity of literature and scholarly articles were chosen in attempt to obtain an overall understanding of the chosen topics of self-leadership and creativity. An analysis and understanding of these academic literatures will be addressed subsequently. Self-leadership and Creativity An emerging area in contemporary human resource practice is self-leadership. A succinct yet meaningful definition of self-leadership is known as the process of influence to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform (Manz, 1986, p.585). Furthermore, an empirical study conducted by Houghton et al (2004) illustrated that employees who are high in self-leadership are more likely to have higher innovation and creativity potential than employees who are low in self-leadership. Pursuing further, Beer and Walton (1987) emphasised a new set of assumptions in shaping their meaning of contemporary human resource management as the Proactive system-wide intervention, with emphasis on fit linking HRM with strategic planning and cultural change. In contemporary human resource practice, self-leadership and creativity marry at a point when effective self-leadership influences the creation of motivation and a self-bettering learning culture that will support the behaviours required for success. Such self-bettering learning culture serves its optimum purpose when it is transferred across the entire organisation. The shaping of an organisations culture is analogous to fertilising the soil for seed planting crops. Organisations with supportive cultures and positive attitudes in self-leadership tend to empower employees motivations and job satisfaction. Findings It is important to the note that the findings of these scholarly articles vary in variables and a number of other constraints in their own merits. However, for the purpose of this literature review, these findings will be discussed as a collective finding in self-leadership and creativity and contemporary human resource management. First of all, it is worthy to note that the findings in Houghton et al (2004) paper are predominantly based on correlations between self-leadership and the potential of creativity and not the actual level of creativity. With due respect, it is understandable that there are many variables affecting the practice of creativity such as supervisory styles (Ford, 1996) and the work environment (Amabile, 1997). Other literatures have suggested that employees with high levels of self-leadership tend to have an internal locus of control (Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin, 1993). This means that these employees believed that they have a fairly high level of control over the outcome of results. On the other hand, employees with an external locus of control believed that they have very little or no control over the results or outcome of a matter and therefore may not try as hard as the internal locus of control employees. This is a significant piece of information towards the study of contemporary hum an resource practice because through understanding the different types of employees belief, the organization can provide training tailored to individual employees to suit their learning styles most effectively. For instance, employees with internal locus of control, self-leadership and therefore, a high degree of creativity would be a valuable group of human resource to the organization as they would be most likely to strive and produce innovative results. Owing to their high level of self-leadership, they would be influencing themselves to motivate and perform towards their set career goals. In addition, it is fascinating to note that in the theory of cross-cultural self-leadership, Houghton et al (2004) had referenced the work of Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2010) and contends that cultural biases (ethnocentrism) would significantly impugn on the integrity of collection of empirical data. As a result, Houghton et al (2004) had conducted the empirical data of self-leadership quantities research to encompass team members from different races. The conclusion of the findings is that self-leadership is a self-influence concept and does not usually transcend across cultures. However, Houghton et al (2004) remarked that one should take into account that the western self-leadership concept should be conveyed and explained to the Asian culture to gain unanimous understanding and a more controlled environment of collecting empirical data. In the research conducted by Ford (1996), different types of supervisory styles were observed. Out of the array of styles, the more prominent one is the comparison of transactional leadership and transformational or charismatic leadership with respect to their impact on creativity. It is interesting to find that transformational supervisors with a vision and/or charisma to motivate employees would often draw their inner potential out and as a result, fulfil self-motivation. This inherent cause and effect proposition coincides with the positive correlation between self-leadership and creativity. It is reasonable to posit that this is due to the fact that when employees are motivated and entrusted with leadership roles, where they can foresee a positive future with the organisation, the likelihood is that they feel a sense of security and association, thus identify themselves with the organisation. These suggestion made by Ford (1996) are aligned with the literature on the hierarchy of needs conducted by Maslow and Frager (1987), that people in general would demand social recognition and a sense of belonging in their workplace. Quality of literature The overall presentation and language used amongst these literatures vary greatly. Despite their prominent stance in the human resource management evolution, some of the older papers (i.e. Beer and Walton, 1987; Amabile, 1997) are seen to be using more archaic language and antiquated grammar in presenting their findings. For instance, in the work by Beer and Walton (1987), words such as societal wellbeing and personnel or people management were often used. It is worthy to note that these terminologies have long been compromised by words such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource management respectively. Implications for Future Research Williams (1997) has suggested that future research should identify the correlation between how different types of personality characteristics affects the level of self-leadership. Drawing upon Williams suggestion, future research could further benefit from focusing specifically on personality characteristics such as general self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control and self-monitoring. Due to the growing importance of self-leadership in the HRM arena, future research can also gain advantage from finding correlations between different personality traits and self-leadership. For instance, through the usage of the Myers-Briggs personality traits test as a part of the initial assessment in the early stages of recruitment process. In addition, through the engagement of HRM professionals, the process of short listing the candidates that are most suitable to the desirable culture of the organization can be achieved. Another practical implication of this new correlation research would be useful for companies who are particularly trying to prevent any increase in employee turnover rate and sunk costs in relation to training and retaining potential leaders. It is also helpful for companies to predict the level of self-leadership in the early stage of human resource management by selecting candidates with the desirable personality traits. This will in turn lower the cost of human resource selection and future training and development investments. Furthermore, by selecting candidates with high self-leadership it indicates that these potential employees are more likely to utilize their creativity (as discussed above), contributing to the overall innovative culture of the company. Summary In summary, the overall quality of the chosen literatures is of exceptionally high standards. In spite of the origin of majority of these articles being from the United States, there is in fact a high coherence of applicability in the Australian workplace. As uncovered by these literatures, there are many benefits of the inter-twined qualities of self-leadership and creativity to the productivity and growth of an organisation. However, it is strongly proposed that future research can build upon these existing findings to add value in the area of contemporary human resource management by filing in the gap from findings of the above-discussed literatures.

Adderall Literature Review Essay

According to DSM-IV (2005), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined as â€Å"persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequently displayed and is more severe than is typically observed in individuals at comparable level of development.† A recent study suggests that 9% of U.S. school-aged children (3-17) are diagnosed with ADHD (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). At first, there was a misconception in society that ADHD only affected children and that eventually they would outgrow it. However, recent data suggests that 4.4% of the U.S. adult population have ADHD. Studies also indicate that 30%-70% of children with ADHD continue to have symptoms as adults. (Desantis, 2008, p. 31) See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay In terms of treating ADHD, Adderall is the most commonly prescribed medicine for children and adults. According to Desantis (as cited in Okie, 2006), â€Å"The number of American adults who are prescribed medication to treat the disorder has increased by 90% from 2002 to 2005, with adults receiving one-third of all prescriptions† (p. 32). Shire Pharmaceuticals introduced Adderall in 1996. In 2001, Shire introduced an extended release version known as Adderall XR. Adderall is a mixed salt amphetamine. It works to increase concentration and focus by stimulating the production of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain (Schiffner, 2010). For individuals with ADHD, Adderall produces enough dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to bring them to a normal state of functioning and focus. For individuals without ADHD, Adderall tends to over-stimulate the brain, which results in an even higher level of functioning and focus. Adderall, along with cocaine and other substances, is classified as a Schedule II substance because of its potential for abuse and dependency both physically and psychologically. Consumption of Adderall by College Students The main subject being explored throughout this paper is the use of Adderall among college students. There have been numerous studies that have explored the overall usage of Adderall, but only a few have focused specifically on its consumption by college students. Studies have also been done on the illegal usage of other stimulants among college students, which highlight relative statistics. Nichols (2004) indicated, â€Å"†¦the United States Department of Health and Human Services found in an annual survey of drug use that 1.8 million Americans between the ages of 18 and 25, or 6 percent of those surveyed, admitted having taken Ritalin — an older stimulant used to treat attention-deficit disorder — without a prescription† (p. A41). This study indicates that there is a growing population of college students who consume non-prescribed stimulants. McCabe et al (2005), conducted a study in which 10,904 students were surveyed at 119 different 4-year colleges in the United States. From that study McCabe et al (2005) found that 6.9% of the students surveyed used an illegal prescription stimulant in their life. 4.1% of which used an illegal prescription stimulant in the past year. Also for the study, McCabe et al (2005) found that non-medical prescription stimulant users were â€Å"more likely to report use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, ecstasy, cocaine, and other risky behaviors† (p. 96). Loe et al (2008) conducted a study on Adderall and Ritalin amongst the college population and results showed that students â€Å"†¦may resort to medical means to manage their time and to perform well inside and outside of the classroom† (p.8). Although the primary use of the drug is for academic purposes, students also turn to it for recreational purposes. Statistically, Loe et al (2008) reported, â€Å"75% of the students who took these meds indicated doing so for academic purposes. Students also list taking them for fun (68%), to stay awake (56%), and to party (50%) as other reasons† (p.8). Adderall may also help young adults improve their driving ability. It has been reported that individuals with ADHD are more likely to be at fault in driving accidents (Burgbacher and Brewer, 2006, p. 7) (as cited in Kay, 2005). This data indicates that students are finding alternative reasons for using stimulants and not just for academic purposes. Desantis et al (2008) surveyed 1,811 students at a large public institution in the southeast. Of the students surveyed, only 4% reported having a prescription to ADHD while 34% reported having used ADHD medication illegally (p. 32). Desantis et al (2008) also indicated that only 2% of the students believed Schedule II amphetamines posed a health risk. 81% of the students believed that ADHD medications were â€Å"not dangerous at all† or â€Å"slightly dangerous† (Desantis et al 2008, p. 33) More recently, Schwarz (2013), in an article for the New York Times, indicated (as cited in I.M.S. Health, 2011) that nearly 14 million monthly prescriptions for the condition were written for Americans ages 20-39, two and half times the 5.6 million just 4 years before. (p. 18) Each of these studies reported similar statistics and similar trends growing amongst the college population. Each study reported a high rate of students consuming non-medical ADHD medications. The more alarming statistic revealed by these studies is that non-medical prescription stimulant users were more likely to abuse other drugs and also believed that ADHD medications were not dangerous at all. This indicates that Adderall and other ADHD medications are becoming a gateway drug. It is also indicates that students may be justifying their usage of non-medical consumption of ADHD medication. Attainment of Adderall Studies show that Adderall is used very often which indicates that it is not difficult for a student to attain. Evidently, those without prescriptions find it rather easy to obtain Adderall. On college campuses, there are usually peers selling or willing to give away Adderall, which is a federal crime. Stolz (2012) put much of the blame on universities by stating that, â€Å"Universities are a large part of the problem. Student can simply go to the health clinic on campus and obtain a prescription for Adderall or an ADHD diagnosis. The process is easy for most, and many students are misdiagnosed in that manner. University clinics eliminate the need for these students to find and make appointments with a psychiatrist, which may take months and entails more stringent testing prior to diagnosis.† (p. 586) Studies also show that, along with universities, physicians often prescribe ADHD prescriptions without performing exact assessments that physicians are trained to perform (Nichols, 2004).   Furthermore, money is also areason for a student to seek an Adderall prescription. Based on the previous statistics mentioned, it is widely known that there is a high demand for Adderall on a college campus, which makes it a profitable investment. Not only does the individual who obtains the prescription benefit from the enhancement of their own academic performance, but also the potential to earn income by selling the pills (Stolz, 2012, p. 586). Loe et al (2008) reported that â€Å"Of the 68 students who claimed to have taken prescription stimulants without a prescription, a large majority, 87%, received the drugs from friends and family and 26% purchased the drug.† (p. 9). This statistic further verifies the simplicity in obtaining prescription stimulants. Health Concerns in Correlation with Adderall Consumption Along with the upside of the drug, as with any other drug, there is a downside that negatively affects individuals physically and psychologically. Negative side effects of Adderall consumption include difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, seizures, uncontrolled shaking and body movements, and hallucinations (Schiffner, 2010). The Medical Guide for Adderall (which is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug administrations) lists common side effects as, â€Å"Headache, decreased appetite, stomach ache, nervousness, trouble sleeping, mood swings, weight loss, dizziness, dry mouth, and fast heart beat† (Medication Guide, 2011, p. 17)   More drastic side effects may result from long periods of Adderall consumption, especially for individuals who do not have ADHD. Ultimately, this long term consumption can result in severe physical and psychological dependence. In a recent article in the New York Times, Schwarz (2013) (as cited from The Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2006) wrote, â€Å"†¦about 10 percent of adolescents and young adults who misused ADHD stimulants became addicted to them. Even proper, doctor supervised use of the medications can trigger psychotic behavior or suicidal thoughts in about 1 in 400 patients, according to a 2006 study in the American Journal of Psychiatry† (p. 18). In March 2005, Health Canada actually suspended the sale of Adderall XR based on 20 international reports of sudden death in patients (Kratochvil, 2005). Evidently, the long-term use of Adderall can cause major health issues including, severe dependence, psychotic behaviors, possible suicidal ideations, and even sudden death. Justifications for Illegal use of Adderall and Other Attention-deficit Medications In society, individuals with drug and substance abuse issues often try to justify their abuse. The main goal of Desantis’ (2008) study was to see how college students â€Å"conceive the drug and justify its use† (p.35). The first justification was comparing ADHD stimulants to party drugs. They asserted that it was morally justifiable to use ADHD stimulants because it was to promote a positive outcome (Desantis, 2008 p. 36). Another assertion was that ADHD stimulants were â€Å"good†, legal drugs because they come from medical establishments rather than â€Å"bad,† illegal street drugs (Desantis, 2008, p. 36). Other participants believed that there’s no high because it does not alter their mind and pose the same side effects in comparison to other illegal street drugs (Desantis, 2008 pp. 36-37). Other justifications indicated in Desantis’ (2008) study were that students use ADHD stimulants in moderation and therefore it is not harmful. Other students maintained that they use stimulants to self-medicate because they believe they have ADHD themselves and have not been diagnosed. The final rationalization is that ADHD stimulants are â€Å"harmless, benign, and a socially acceptable anti-fatigue aid† (Desantis, 2008, pp. 38-41). All in all, the previous research supplies recent qualitative and quantitative data that implies that Adderall and other ADHD stimulant consumption among the college population is a recurring and growing trend. Research also maintained that universities and physicians are also responsible for the drugs circulation. As a result of this research, it is evident that college-aged individuals are unaware of the major physical and psychological risks that can result from the illegal consumption of Adderall and also believe that their consumption is justifiable within society. For this study, a survey will be anonymously distributed among college campuses in the area containing both quantitative and qualitative questions about their experience and/or knowledge of Adderall. The sample population will be college students in the area between the ages of 18-25. The sample population will be selected anonymously and will remain anonymous because the study touches upon illegal activity. I will gain access to my subjects via social media networks (facebook, twitter, etc.). From the survey, I expect to obtain pertinent information that will help understand why college students consume non-prescribed Adderall, how they gain access to Adderall, and if they are aware of the risks that come along with Adderall consumption. References – Burgbacher, Katie, and Amanda Brewer â€Å"Study of Adderall Use Among College Students: A New and Upcoming Trend† University of Kentucky. RUNNING HEAD: Research Project (2006). Pp 1-19 – Desantis, Alan, and Audrey Curtis Hane. â€Å"†Adderall is Definitely Not a Drug†: Justifications for the Illegal Use of ADHD Stimulants.† Substance Use & Misuse 45 (2008): 31-46. Print. – Diagnostic criteria for attention deficit for hyperactivity disorder, (2005). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. – Kratochvil, Christopher. â€Å"Health Canada suspends Adderall.† Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update 7 (2005): 12. Print. – Loe, M. E., DeWitt, C. , Quirindongo, C. and Sandler, R. , 2006-08-11 â€Å"†Pharming† to Perform in the Classroom: Making Sense of the Medically-Disciplined College Student Body† Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online . 2012-06-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p103442_index.html – McCabe, S. E., et al (2005). Non-medical use of prescription opioids among U.S. college students: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 30(4), 96-106. – Nichols, K. (2004). The other performance-enhancing drugs. Chronicle of Higher Education, 51(17), A41-A42. – Okie, S. (2006). ADHD in adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 354:2637–2641. – Schiffner, Jennifer. 2010. â€Å"Harder, Better, Faster Stronger: Regulating Illicit Adderall Use Among Law Students and Law Schools† Express – Schwarz, Alan. â€Å"Drowned in a stream of Prescriptions.† The New York Times 3 Feb. 2013: 1, 18-20. Print. – Stolz, Stefanie. â€Å"Adderall Abuse: Regulating the Academic Steroid.† Journal of Law and Education 41, No.3 (2011): 585-592. Print. – Visser, SN, RH Bitsko, ML Danielson, and R Perou. â€Å"Increasing Prevalence of Parent-Reported Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children –United States, 2003 and 2007.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 59.44 (2010): 1439-1443. Print.