Recombinant Dna Technology As An Environment For Separation

Recombinant DNA technology is genetic engineering process for forming a new gene. The gene required is taken from the donor and joined with the carrier gene which is then inserted into the vector. This method is used to create a vector containing gene from Bacteria sp Yp1 and Esterobacter asburae YT1, which are then inserted to egg through microinjection. Microinjection is a process where screw held syringe is loaded with required DNA or RNA and inserted to animal cell. By this technique the cloned gene is inserted to egg of earthworm. The egg hatchs and develops further producing transgenetic species having gene of gut bacteria. Sodium dodecyl sulphate PolyAcrylamide Gel Electroporesis (SDS-PAGE) is a technique used for separating protein based on their size and structure [14]. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is an anionic agent applied on proteins for linearizing them and to impart negative charge on the proteins. When electric field is applied on protein covered with negative charge, they move towards positive pole but no size separation can be seen. So PolyAcylamide gel is used as an environment for separation. As electric potential is applied on proteins present in PAGE, it creates even distribution of charge per unit mass resulting in fractionation of protein based on their size[15]. SDS-PAGE is useful technique for acquiring the required protein. Once the transgenic Earthworm is created, this technique can be used to acquire the specific protein/enzyme responsible forShow MoreRelatedBiological Molecules Like Nucleic Acids And Polysachharides2245 Words   |  9 Pagessource. Then amplification of these i solated genes is done. Amplification is done by the insertion of the target gene into a specified vector. Vector is also a DNA sequence molecule. The vector that has foreign gene in now a recombinant DNA. It replicates in cells after insertion in living cells. As vector gets replicates, the recombinant DNA (rDNA) also gets replicate. This gene expresses the protein. This expressed protein is then purified and further analysis can be done (Ausubel et al., 2002).Read More Clones Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the past few centuries, technology has reached a new level. With breakthroughs from the invention of electricity to the development of the Internet, these advances have made a huge impact on society. Every day brings the question of what will come next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies are essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of t echnology is cloning. The word clone is usedRead MoreEffects of GMOS3836 Words   |  16 Pages The techniques used to carry out genetic modification are known as genetic engineering techniques. 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Transgenic organisms are formed by inducing exogenous genes called transgenes in an organismRead MoreAp Biology2177 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"copy†= DNA replication -when DNA is copied- interphase, S phase of cell cycle -recognition of origin site on DNA -concept of unwinding enzyme (helicase) -RNA primer (RNA primase) -DNA polymerase- adds complementary nucleotides to DNA template strand -concept of complementary relationship among bases-semiconservative antiparallel backbones and 5’ - 3’ generation of new segments -DNA ligase- hooks Okazawki fragments together -Other- telomere replication, proofing by DNA polymeraseRead MoreThe Reaction Of Polymerase Chain Reaction1823 Words   |  8 Pagesalso known as PCR, a technology that has made a tremendous impact on researchers, and has also affected many aspects of our everyday lives. The introduction of recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized the study of life as a tool for the biological sciences. Molecular cloning allowed the study of individual genes of living organisms; however there was dependence of obtaining a relatively large quantity of pure DNA. Scientists found it extremely difficult to get a specific DNA in quantity from theRead MoreBCH190 Essay14810 Words   |  60 Pageslectures 3, 4, and including Chapter 2 1. Difference occurs in the sequence of long chain molecules and becomes information in biological organisms. ‘Life’ assembles itself into chains: (A) of RNA (B) all of the answers are correct (C) of DNA (D) of protein (E) none of these answers are correct 2. Which of the following foods is not a significant source of complex carbohydrates? (A) fresh fruit (B) rice (C) pasta (D) oatmeal (E) all of the above are significant sourcesRead MoreDried Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) Leaves in Ethanol Production6983 Words   |  28 PagesDehydration is the use of aluminum oxide to produce ethylene (Jim Clark, 2003). Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatilities of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction (Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia). Ethanol, having a chemical composition of C2H5OH, is often called as ethyl alcohol. Ethylene is an organic compound, a hydrocarbon with the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colorlessRead MoreAnatomy Of The Bacterial Spirochete2771 Words   |  12 Pagesimmunoblot assays using lysates from B. burgdorferi grown under unfed and fed tick conditions to determine the surface localization and environmental preferences of BB0173 expression. Cell adhesion was investigated by determining the ability of purified recombinant BB0173 to bind to cellular components. BB0173 was tested for binding with the ECM components: plasma and cellular Fibronectin, Fibrinogen, Decorin, Elastin, Vitronectin and Aggrecan. In silico analysis demonstrates BB0173 to be a transmembrane proteinRead MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 Pages_______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C) present in prokaryotic cells; absent in eukaryotic cells. D) absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 3. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain _______ DNA molecules. A) single linear B) single circular -C) multiple linear Read More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesgenetically-engineered foods) and representng lab-created GMOs or genetically-modified organisms. By Nathan Batalion, ND We are confronted with what is undoubtedly the single most potent technology the world has ever known - more powerful even than atomic energy. Yet it is being released throughout our environment and deployed with superficial or no risk assessments - as if no one needs to worry an iota about its unparalleled powers to harm life as we know it - and for all future generations. Updated

Ludwig van Beethoven Biography Free Essays

In the month of December 1770, Ludwig van Beethoven was born to Johann van Beethoven and Maria Magdalena Keverich in the town of Bonn. Ludwig was named after his grandfather, Kappellmeister, the most respected musician in Bonn. Ludwig van Beethoven was the eldest son, and had two younger brothers, Nikolaus Johann and Caspar Carl. We will write a custom essay sample on Ludwig van Beethoven Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beethoven’s father, Johann, taught his son to play instruments at a young age. He made Ludwig practice strenuously and most likely struck his son across the knuckles when Ludwig would make a error. Johann was an avid alcoholic and often woke the boy up in the night to play. Despite his father’s tiring persistence, the young Beethoven loved music and his extraordinary talent was manifest. Some years before Ludwig’s birth, Johann van Beethoven had heard of the child prodigy Mozart who made a great profit from performing all over Europe. This inspired Johann to make money off of Ludwig, therefore, in March of 1778 seven-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven performed in Sternengasse. No one knows how Ludwig’s concert went; whether or not it went well or Johann’s emotions on the performance. Not long after Beethoven’s concert, his father put him in school. Ludwig had difficulty making friends with his fellow classmates and was teased at school for his dark features, the schoolchildren calling him a Spaniard. Not long after, Johann van Beethoven pulled his son out of school to improve upon Ludwig’s musical talent in 1781. Beethoven soon surpassed his father, and Johann sought to find a suitable teacher. He stumbled upon Christian Gottlob Neefe, an accomplished composer and conductor who came to the town of Bonn because of its reputation of the arts. Ludwig highly respected and admired his new teacher. Neefe taught Beethoven for 6 years, and then in March 1787 Ludwig was funded to travel to Vienna and meet the great musician Mozart. Very little is known about his encounter with the famed composer, but that Beethoven stayed in Vienna for two weeks. While in Vienna, Johann van Beethoven sent word that his wife had fallen ill. Ludwig left at once, and when he arrived in Bonn his mother’s sickness had turned fatal. So in the month of July 1787, Maria Magdalena Keverich passed away. Ludwig van Beethoven was now head of the family. Beethoven’s father, Johann’s drinking worsened after the death of Maria Magdalena; leading to getting arrested after becoming seriously drunk in public. His actions caused him to be discharged from court service and further humiliating the family. Johann van Beethoven died the month of December in 1792. Beethoven’s hearing was beginning to leave him in 1797. For some time he tried to keep it a secret, and meanwhile the great musician composed many complex pieces including Piano Sonata in C minor, the â€Å"Pathetique†, and his First Symphony. In 1801 Beethoven became piano teacher to Countess Giulietta Guicciardi. The social ranking between them was obvious, yet the two fell in love. Luwig even proposed marriage but Giulietta’s father would not hear of it. Despite this rejection Ludwig van Beethoven composed â€Å"Moonlight Sonata† and dedicated it to the Countess. Beethoven had many doctors examine him and had been prescribed a lot of bizarre remedies, and then in the early months of 1802 a certain Dr. Johann Adam Schmidt advised Ludwig to move away from the dusty, bustling Vienna. The doctor had an acquaintance who happened to be the possessor of a cottage in the quaint village of Heiligenstadt. There Beethoven could rest in solitude, with the company of a friend’s son, Ferdinand Ries. Ludwig also pieced together his Second Symphony and other compositions. On returning to Vienna after six months, Beethoven was employed at the Theater an der Wien as a composer-in-residence. Carl moved in with him, which was a high disadvantage hence Beethoven had never been close to his brothers. The brothers’ living together must have caused a lot of friction between them, yet the Third Piano Concerto was completed along with Christus am Olberge, an oratorio. In the spring of 1806, Ludwig van Beethoven’s brother Carl was married to Johanna Reiss, and three months later their son Karl was born. Over the course of those years Beethoven composed his Third Symphony, Eroica, his Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Symphony, and his Fourth Piano Concerto. During these years Beethoven also fell in love with a few more women. In 1810 he wrote Fur Elise and at the top of the page was found these words, â€Å"For Elise on 27 April to remind you of L. V. Bthvn.† It is believed that Elise is Therese Malfatti, since the piece of music had been found in her belongings forty-one years after her death. Two years later, he wrote the legendary Immortal Beloved letters in a hotel located in Teplice. In the year of 1815, Beethoven’s brother Carl fell ill and passed away, leaving Ludwig the guardian of his five-year-old nephew Karl. For over three years, Beethoven fought against Johanna in court over the guardianship of Karl and won. Ludwig van Beethoven’s health was slowly declining the last eight years of his life. He had symptoms â€Å"and it concerned his digestive system. He complained of bloated stomach, colic, diarrhoea, indigestion.† Despite his health issues along with his severe deafness, Beethoven composed â€Å"Hammerklavier† and several of the Piano Sonatas, Opp 109, 110, and 111, along with the Ninth Symphony and the Late Quartets. These pieces were considered to be the musician’s greatest body of work ever composed. Over this time, Beethoven started compiling his myriad of conversation books, in which he used to communicate with people. It is estimated to have been about 400 of these books, but only 136 have survived today. In the year of 1826, Ludwig van Beethoven became fatally ill and had four surgeries, drawing fluid that had gathered in his stomach. On March 24th 1827, the acclaimed composer fell into a coma, and two days later he uttered his last breath. The world shall evermore remember this man and his music, the effect that he had on humankind. His music that has inspired and fascinated many people for generations after his death shall still do so, and forever be loved. How to cite Ludwig van Beethoven Biography, Papers

Throwaway society free essay sample

Nowadays a growing throw-away culture causes people to throw away their goods and replace them with new, latest technology ones available on the market. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this culture for our society. The advancements in technology gives rise to an over production of goods. This may cause excessive consumerism and there by the development of a throw away culture,which tend to buy new devices by trashing or replacing their old ones. This essay focuses on the pros and cons of this dumb-away culture. To begin with the advantages of buying the latest models of commodities. Firstly,by come across with latest types of any gadget may help us to be more attached to the dynamic world and can easily get along with the ultra modern advancements in the field of technology. One another major advantage of this culture is that,which helps to avoid certain negative impacts of old version products. We will write a custom essay sample on Throwaway society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance,in olden times, refrigirator was one of the major cause of the emmission of chloro fluro carbon,was said to be the cause of ozone rupture. Nowadays advanced refrigirator has been invented without causing any damage to nature. By buying such echo friendly products, it is quiet easy to retain the natural balance. On the drawbacks side, this kind of practices may lead to excessive financial loss. Majority of products cost much higher during the initial sales and gradually the price value decreases. So buying things soon after its arrival may seriously affects the overall economy of the society. More over this culture is having a great negative effect on the equlbrium of ecosystem. For example, the excessive trashing of materials those are unable to decompose such as plastics may leaves serious threats to the ecosystem. As this trend of throwing old and buying new has both positive and negative impacts,i am of the view that, the manufacturer of such products should arrange possible way to re-cycle their old products and make use of these in making new versions. This helps to reduce the cost of production and price of that particular product along with protecting our nature. Throwaway society free essay sample Introduction It is an old proverb saying â€Å"dont throw away the old bucket until you know whether the new one holds water†. It means that we should use the resources that we have to its fullest, before getting new resources and throwing away the old ones. What we don’t understand right now is that we are throwing so much that it’s likely to have fewer resources in the future. There are many reasons, to why we throw away the old resources; one of them is improving the standard of living by changing the household product and changing the furniture. Another reason is the increasing demand for food product, which plays a very important role in polluting our environment. Although many attempt are made to reduce the waste product by introducing the recycling concept and decomposing process, its not enough because we produce more waste products then we can recycle. We will write a custom essay sample on Throwaway society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The title throwaway society has both good and bad implication. For instance it suggests that a country with good economy does not have to worry about the repairing and reusing of old goods. It’s simply better to buy a new one or to replace it with a better good. In developing countries it could be viewed as luxury because in developing countries normally people would first try to fix the goods and reuse it. However the negative impact of throwaway society is much more and mainly effects our environment by producing waste products. The more we throw away the more resources are harvested and more energy is used. Which would affect us in long term. The environmentalist suggests to â€Å"reduce, recycle and reuse†. They would prefer to reuse a product to recycling because it is more environments friendly than recycling. Since recycling has to go through process before it could be put in use again. According to the environmentalist bot reusing and recycling helps in reduce the extraction of natural resources and saving energy.