Free Essays on Prairie Style

Prairie Style (1900-1920) "Democracy needed something basically better than the box." Frank Lloyd Wright Around the 1900’s a group of Chicago architects developed a distinct mid-western residential style known as the Prairie Style. They rejected the currently popular revivals of historic styles, to create buildings that harmonized with the Midwestern prairie. Many architects consider examples of Prairie Style to be the first truly modern architectural design. The most acknowledged architect of this style was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Wright believed, â€Å"that a design drew its beauty from within from its own structure rather than from applied decoration.† Wright created the idea of "organic architecture." The main principle of this belief is that the building should develop out of its natural surroundings. Many Identifying features of a Prairie Style: Low, horizontal silhouette Wide overhanging eaves extending from the main house that emphasize horizontal lines Broad, low-pitched roof Huge square porch supports Walls of light-colored brick or stucco and wood Rows of small casement windows; stained-glass accents in floral or geometric designs All walls at right angles (no curves) Large, plain rectangular chimney The Prairie house was free-flowing, thought to be very practical. They all had built-in furniture, and fixtures, which were treated with as much importance as the architectural elements. The Prairie Style house had a strong horizontal appearance, which was emphasized by porches, walls, and terraces extruding from the main structure. Windows were arranged in horizontal ribbons and often featured stained glass in floral or geometric patterns. Historical interest in the Prairie Style has come and gone. About the time of World War I, interest in technology was on the rise and the machine age caused Prairie Style Housing to be ... Free Essays on Prairie Style Free Essays on Prairie Style Prairie Style (1900-1920) "Democracy needed something basically better than the box." Frank Lloyd Wright Around the 1900’s a group of Chicago architects developed a distinct mid-western residential style known as the Prairie Style. They rejected the currently popular revivals of historic styles, to create buildings that harmonized with the Midwestern prairie. Many architects consider examples of Prairie Style to be the first truly modern architectural design. The most acknowledged architect of this style was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Wright believed, â€Å"that a design drew its beauty from within from its own structure rather than from applied decoration.† Wright created the idea of "organic architecture." The main principle of this belief is that the building should develop out of its natural surroundings. Many Identifying features of a Prairie Style: Low, horizontal silhouette Wide overhanging eaves extending from the main house that emphasize horizontal lines Broad, low-pitched roof Huge square porch supports Walls of light-colored brick or stucco and wood Rows of small casement windows; stained-glass accents in floral or geometric designs All walls at right angles (no curves) Large, plain rectangular chimney The Prairie house was free-flowing, thought to be very practical. They all had built-in furniture, and fixtures, which were treated with as much importance as the architectural elements. The Prairie Style house had a strong horizontal appearance, which was emphasized by porches, walls, and terraces extruding from the main structure. Windows were arranged in horizontal ribbons and often featured stained glass in floral or geometric patterns. Historical interest in the Prairie Style has come and gone. About the time of World War I, interest in technology was on the rise and the machine age caused Prairie Style Housing to be ... Free Essays on Prairie Style During the beginning of 20th century a new architectural style started gain popularity among a group of Chicago architects, a distinct mid-western residential style known as the Prairie Style. They rejected the popular architectural styles during those days which were generally revivals of historic styles, instead they tried to create buildings which were harmonized with the Midwestern prairie. There have been lots of different modernization attempts in architecture history probably the most successful among those that considered to be the first truly modern architectural design and style is the prairie style. Probably one of the most famous architects of this style was Frank Lloyd Wright. He believed that â€Å"a design drew its beauty from within, from its own structure, rather than from applied decoration.† Wright created the idea of "organic architecture." The main principle of this belief is that the building should develop out of its natural surroundings. Between the years 1893 and 1901, which are known as the architect’s early years, 49 buildings were built which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. His early houses were perfect examples showing his unique talent as a young architect. They all had their own, characteristic style, reminding of a horizontal plane, with no basements or attics. Built with natural materials and never painted, Wright utilized low-pitched rooflines with deep overhang and uninterrupted walls and windows to merge the horizontal homes into their environments. He built large brick fireplaces in the heart of the home, and made the internal space flow into one another. He believed in the idea that he had created and what he called â€Å"Organic Architecture†, by which he meant that a house must grow out of the needs of the people and the character of the country like a living organism. By rejecting using all ornaments, Wright broke with the traditions of many centuries. This makes those ideas rev...

Phronesis Definition and Examples

Phronesis Definition and Examples In classical rhetoric, phronesis is prudence or practical wisdom. Adjective: phronetic. In the ethical treatise On Virtues and Vices (sometimes attributed to Aristotle), phronesis is characterized as the wisdom to take counsel, to judge the goods and evils and all the things in life that are desirable and to be avoided, to use all the available goods finely, to behave rightly in society, to observe due occasions, to employ both speech and action with sagacity, to have expert knowledge of all things that are useful (translated by H. Rackam). Etymology:From the Greek, think, understand Practical Wisdom [The] concept of persuasion points . . . to the human capacity for practical judgment. By judgment I mean the mental activity of responding to particular situations in a way that draws upon our sensations, beliefs, and emotions without being dictated by them in any way reducible to a simple rule. This kind of judgment may involve integrating new information into existing patterns of thought, readjusting those patterns to make room for a new perspective, or both. There are several sorts of judgmentlogical, aesthetic, political, and perhaps othersbut the concept I have in mind is linked most closely to what Aristotle called practical wisdom, or phronesis, and what Aquinas discussed as prudence, and it is also linked to our idea of common sense.(Bryan Garsten, Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment. Harvard Univ. Press, 2006) Phronesis in Speakers and Audiences To the extent that rhetoric is conceived as an art, capable of practical refinement, phronēsis, or practical wisdom, is often considered to be one of the by-products or relational goods enhanced and cultivated through rhetorical conduct. For Aristotle, practical wisdom was one of the rhetorical constituents of ethos. But perhaps most important, this overriding intellectual virtue was also cultivated in audiences through the practice of deliberation. In fact, the methods of invention and argument, along with the vast array of commonplaces and topoi, may all be conceived as devices for the enhancement of phronēsis in speakers and audiences.(Thomas B. Farrell, Phronēsis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Phronesis and Invented Ethos Reasoning persuades because we think it is a sign of character. No one infers that because someone is a doctor and knows health, that the doctor is therefore healthy. But we make that ​inference all the time with respect to rhetoric and phronēsis. We assume that if someone can give good advice, he or she must be a good person. Such inferences are grounded in the belief that phronēsis and goodness are more than knowledge. Reasoning is persuasive to us because it is evidence, fallible and defeasible as all such evidence must be, of phronēsis and character.It is evidence for the character created in the speech [that is, invented ethos].(Eugene Carver, Aristotles Rhetoric: An Art of Character. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1994) The Example of Pericles In the Rhetoric [of Aristotle], Pericles is an exemplary figure of rhetorical effectiveness both for his skillful choice of persuasive strategies and for the persuasive appeal of his own character. That is, Pericles exemplifies how closely successful rhetoric is tied to phronēsis: the best rhetors possess a practical wisdom that can discern the most effective means of persuasion in any specific situation, including an appeal to their own reputations as persons of practical wisdom. Aristotle builds the phronetic power of discernment into his influential definition of rhetoric as the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion . . ..(Steven Mailloux, Rhetorical Hermeneutics Still Again: or, On the Track of Phronēsis. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)