Literature Review of Self Leadership and Creativity

Literature Review of Self Leadership and Creativity The purpose of this literature review is to study and critique a number of academic articles and scholarly literatures in the area of self-leadership and specifically its influence on creativity. With the promising growth of human resource practice, concepts such as self-leadership and creativity become indispensable parts of the HRM framework. Upon careful assessment of the different contributors and impact of self-leadership, subsequent recommendations for future research and implications for contemporary human resource practice will be devised upon the findings of this literature review. Research Methods In locating the relevant literature materials, various popular management databases such Ebsco, ProQuest and Infotrac were consulted. They keywords used in facilitating the search include self-leadership, creativity, self-motivation, employee influence and contemporary human resource management. The result of the bundle of literature includes case studies, empirical research (both qualitative and quantitative) and scholarly journal articles. A diversity of literature and scholarly articles were chosen in attempt to obtain an overall understanding of the chosen topics of self-leadership and creativity. An analysis and understanding of these academic literatures will be addressed subsequently. Self-leadership and Creativity An emerging area in contemporary human resource practice is self-leadership. A succinct yet meaningful definition of self-leadership is known as the process of influence to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform (Manz, 1986, p.585). Furthermore, an empirical study conducted by Houghton et al (2004) illustrated that employees who are high in self-leadership are more likely to have higher innovation and creativity potential than employees who are low in self-leadership. Pursuing further, Beer and Walton (1987) emphasised a new set of assumptions in shaping their meaning of contemporary human resource management as the Proactive system-wide intervention, with emphasis on fit linking HRM with strategic planning and cultural change. In contemporary human resource practice, self-leadership and creativity marry at a point when effective self-leadership influences the creation of motivation and a self-bettering learning culture that will support the behaviours required for success. Such self-bettering learning culture serves its optimum purpose when it is transferred across the entire organisation. The shaping of an organisations culture is analogous to fertilising the soil for seed planting crops. Organisations with supportive cultures and positive attitudes in self-leadership tend to empower employees motivations and job satisfaction. Findings It is important to the note that the findings of these scholarly articles vary in variables and a number of other constraints in their own merits. However, for the purpose of this literature review, these findings will be discussed as a collective finding in self-leadership and creativity and contemporary human resource management. First of all, it is worthy to note that the findings in Houghton et al (2004) paper are predominantly based on correlations between self-leadership and the potential of creativity and not the actual level of creativity. With due respect, it is understandable that there are many variables affecting the practice of creativity such as supervisory styles (Ford, 1996) and the work environment (Amabile, 1997). Other literatures have suggested that employees with high levels of self-leadership tend to have an internal locus of control (Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin, 1993). This means that these employees believed that they have a fairly high level of control over the outcome of results. On the other hand, employees with an external locus of control believed that they have very little or no control over the results or outcome of a matter and therefore may not try as hard as the internal locus of control employees. This is a significant piece of information towards the study of contemporary hum an resource practice because through understanding the different types of employees belief, the organization can provide training tailored to individual employees to suit their learning styles most effectively. For instance, employees with internal locus of control, self-leadership and therefore, a high degree of creativity would be a valuable group of human resource to the organization as they would be most likely to strive and produce innovative results. Owing to their high level of self-leadership, they would be influencing themselves to motivate and perform towards their set career goals. In addition, it is fascinating to note that in the theory of cross-cultural self-leadership, Houghton et al (2004) had referenced the work of Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2010) and contends that cultural biases (ethnocentrism) would significantly impugn on the integrity of collection of empirical data. As a result, Houghton et al (2004) had conducted the empirical data of self-leadership quantities research to encompass team members from different races. The conclusion of the findings is that self-leadership is a self-influence concept and does not usually transcend across cultures. However, Houghton et al (2004) remarked that one should take into account that the western self-leadership concept should be conveyed and explained to the Asian culture to gain unanimous understanding and a more controlled environment of collecting empirical data. In the research conducted by Ford (1996), different types of supervisory styles were observed. Out of the array of styles, the more prominent one is the comparison of transactional leadership and transformational or charismatic leadership with respect to their impact on creativity. It is interesting to find that transformational supervisors with a vision and/or charisma to motivate employees would often draw their inner potential out and as a result, fulfil self-motivation. This inherent cause and effect proposition coincides with the positive correlation between self-leadership and creativity. It is reasonable to posit that this is due to the fact that when employees are motivated and entrusted with leadership roles, where they can foresee a positive future with the organisation, the likelihood is that they feel a sense of security and association, thus identify themselves with the organisation. These suggestion made by Ford (1996) are aligned with the literature on the hierarchy of needs conducted by Maslow and Frager (1987), that people in general would demand social recognition and a sense of belonging in their workplace. Quality of literature The overall presentation and language used amongst these literatures vary greatly. Despite their prominent stance in the human resource management evolution, some of the older papers (i.e. Beer and Walton, 1987; Amabile, 1997) are seen to be using more archaic language and antiquated grammar in presenting their findings. For instance, in the work by Beer and Walton (1987), words such as societal wellbeing and personnel or people management were often used. It is worthy to note that these terminologies have long been compromised by words such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource management respectively. Implications for Future Research Williams (1997) has suggested that future research should identify the correlation between how different types of personality characteristics affects the level of self-leadership. Drawing upon Williams suggestion, future research could further benefit from focusing specifically on personality characteristics such as general self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control and self-monitoring. Due to the growing importance of self-leadership in the HRM arena, future research can also gain advantage from finding correlations between different personality traits and self-leadership. For instance, through the usage of the Myers-Briggs personality traits test as a part of the initial assessment in the early stages of recruitment process. In addition, through the engagement of HRM professionals, the process of short listing the candidates that are most suitable to the desirable culture of the organization can be achieved. Another practical implication of this new correlation research would be useful for companies who are particularly trying to prevent any increase in employee turnover rate and sunk costs in relation to training and retaining potential leaders. It is also helpful for companies to predict the level of self-leadership in the early stage of human resource management by selecting candidates with the desirable personality traits. This will in turn lower the cost of human resource selection and future training and development investments. Furthermore, by selecting candidates with high self-leadership it indicates that these potential employees are more likely to utilize their creativity (as discussed above), contributing to the overall innovative culture of the company. Summary In summary, the overall quality of the chosen literatures is of exceptionally high standards. In spite of the origin of majority of these articles being from the United States, there is in fact a high coherence of applicability in the Australian workplace. As uncovered by these literatures, there are many benefits of the inter-twined qualities of self-leadership and creativity to the productivity and growth of an organisation. However, it is strongly proposed that future research can build upon these existing findings to add value in the area of contemporary human resource management by filing in the gap from findings of the above-discussed literatures.

Adderall Literature Review Essay

According to DSM-IV (2005), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined as â€Å"persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequently displayed and is more severe than is typically observed in individuals at comparable level of development.† A recent study suggests that 9% of U.S. school-aged children (3-17) are diagnosed with ADHD (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). At first, there was a misconception in society that ADHD only affected children and that eventually they would outgrow it. However, recent data suggests that 4.4% of the U.S. adult population have ADHD. Studies also indicate that 30%-70% of children with ADHD continue to have symptoms as adults. (Desantis, 2008, p. 31) See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay In terms of treating ADHD, Adderall is the most commonly prescribed medicine for children and adults. According to Desantis (as cited in Okie, 2006), â€Å"The number of American adults who are prescribed medication to treat the disorder has increased by 90% from 2002 to 2005, with adults receiving one-third of all prescriptions† (p. 32). Shire Pharmaceuticals introduced Adderall in 1996. In 2001, Shire introduced an extended release version known as Adderall XR. Adderall is a mixed salt amphetamine. It works to increase concentration and focus by stimulating the production of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain (Schiffner, 2010). For individuals with ADHD, Adderall produces enough dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to bring them to a normal state of functioning and focus. For individuals without ADHD, Adderall tends to over-stimulate the brain, which results in an even higher level of functioning and focus. Adderall, along with cocaine and other substances, is classified as a Schedule II substance because of its potential for abuse and dependency both physically and psychologically. Consumption of Adderall by College Students The main subject being explored throughout this paper is the use of Adderall among college students. There have been numerous studies that have explored the overall usage of Adderall, but only a few have focused specifically on its consumption by college students. Studies have also been done on the illegal usage of other stimulants among college students, which highlight relative statistics. Nichols (2004) indicated, â€Å"†¦the United States Department of Health and Human Services found in an annual survey of drug use that 1.8 million Americans between the ages of 18 and 25, or 6 percent of those surveyed, admitted having taken Ritalin — an older stimulant used to treat attention-deficit disorder — without a prescription† (p. A41). This study indicates that there is a growing population of college students who consume non-prescribed stimulants. McCabe et al (2005), conducted a study in which 10,904 students were surveyed at 119 different 4-year colleges in the United States. From that study McCabe et al (2005) found that 6.9% of the students surveyed used an illegal prescription stimulant in their life. 4.1% of which used an illegal prescription stimulant in the past year. Also for the study, McCabe et al (2005) found that non-medical prescription stimulant users were â€Å"more likely to report use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, ecstasy, cocaine, and other risky behaviors† (p. 96). Loe et al (2008) conducted a study on Adderall and Ritalin amongst the college population and results showed that students â€Å"†¦may resort to medical means to manage their time and to perform well inside and outside of the classroom† (p.8). Although the primary use of the drug is for academic purposes, students also turn to it for recreational purposes. Statistically, Loe et al (2008) reported, â€Å"75% of the students who took these meds indicated doing so for academic purposes. Students also list taking them for fun (68%), to stay awake (56%), and to party (50%) as other reasons† (p.8). Adderall may also help young adults improve their driving ability. It has been reported that individuals with ADHD are more likely to be at fault in driving accidents (Burgbacher and Brewer, 2006, p. 7) (as cited in Kay, 2005). This data indicates that students are finding alternative reasons for using stimulants and not just for academic purposes. Desantis et al (2008) surveyed 1,811 students at a large public institution in the southeast. Of the students surveyed, only 4% reported having a prescription to ADHD while 34% reported having used ADHD medication illegally (p. 32). Desantis et al (2008) also indicated that only 2% of the students believed Schedule II amphetamines posed a health risk. 81% of the students believed that ADHD medications were â€Å"not dangerous at all† or â€Å"slightly dangerous† (Desantis et al 2008, p. 33) More recently, Schwarz (2013), in an article for the New York Times, indicated (as cited in I.M.S. Health, 2011) that nearly 14 million monthly prescriptions for the condition were written for Americans ages 20-39, two and half times the 5.6 million just 4 years before. (p. 18) Each of these studies reported similar statistics and similar trends growing amongst the college population. Each study reported a high rate of students consuming non-medical ADHD medications. The more alarming statistic revealed by these studies is that non-medical prescription stimulant users were more likely to abuse other drugs and also believed that ADHD medications were not dangerous at all. This indicates that Adderall and other ADHD medications are becoming a gateway drug. It is also indicates that students may be justifying their usage of non-medical consumption of ADHD medication. Attainment of Adderall Studies show that Adderall is used very often which indicates that it is not difficult for a student to attain. Evidently, those without prescriptions find it rather easy to obtain Adderall. On college campuses, there are usually peers selling or willing to give away Adderall, which is a federal crime. Stolz (2012) put much of the blame on universities by stating that, â€Å"Universities are a large part of the problem. Student can simply go to the health clinic on campus and obtain a prescription for Adderall or an ADHD diagnosis. The process is easy for most, and many students are misdiagnosed in that manner. University clinics eliminate the need for these students to find and make appointments with a psychiatrist, which may take months and entails more stringent testing prior to diagnosis.† (p. 586) Studies also show that, along with universities, physicians often prescribe ADHD prescriptions without performing exact assessments that physicians are trained to perform (Nichols, 2004).   Furthermore, money is also areason for a student to seek an Adderall prescription. Based on the previous statistics mentioned, it is widely known that there is a high demand for Adderall on a college campus, which makes it a profitable investment. Not only does the individual who obtains the prescription benefit from the enhancement of their own academic performance, but also the potential to earn income by selling the pills (Stolz, 2012, p. 586). Loe et al (2008) reported that â€Å"Of the 68 students who claimed to have taken prescription stimulants without a prescription, a large majority, 87%, received the drugs from friends and family and 26% purchased the drug.† (p. 9). This statistic further verifies the simplicity in obtaining prescription stimulants. Health Concerns in Correlation with Adderall Consumption Along with the upside of the drug, as with any other drug, there is a downside that negatively affects individuals physically and psychologically. Negative side effects of Adderall consumption include difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, seizures, uncontrolled shaking and body movements, and hallucinations (Schiffner, 2010). The Medical Guide for Adderall (which is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug administrations) lists common side effects as, â€Å"Headache, decreased appetite, stomach ache, nervousness, trouble sleeping, mood swings, weight loss, dizziness, dry mouth, and fast heart beat† (Medication Guide, 2011, p. 17)   More drastic side effects may result from long periods of Adderall consumption, especially for individuals who do not have ADHD. Ultimately, this long term consumption can result in severe physical and psychological dependence. In a recent article in the New York Times, Schwarz (2013) (as cited from The Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2006) wrote, â€Å"†¦about 10 percent of adolescents and young adults who misused ADHD stimulants became addicted to them. Even proper, doctor supervised use of the medications can trigger psychotic behavior or suicidal thoughts in about 1 in 400 patients, according to a 2006 study in the American Journal of Psychiatry† (p. 18). In March 2005, Health Canada actually suspended the sale of Adderall XR based on 20 international reports of sudden death in patients (Kratochvil, 2005). Evidently, the long-term use of Adderall can cause major health issues including, severe dependence, psychotic behaviors, possible suicidal ideations, and even sudden death. Justifications for Illegal use of Adderall and Other Attention-deficit Medications In society, individuals with drug and substance abuse issues often try to justify their abuse. The main goal of Desantis’ (2008) study was to see how college students â€Å"conceive the drug and justify its use† (p.35). The first justification was comparing ADHD stimulants to party drugs. They asserted that it was morally justifiable to use ADHD stimulants because it was to promote a positive outcome (Desantis, 2008 p. 36). Another assertion was that ADHD stimulants were â€Å"good†, legal drugs because they come from medical establishments rather than â€Å"bad,† illegal street drugs (Desantis, 2008, p. 36). Other participants believed that there’s no high because it does not alter their mind and pose the same side effects in comparison to other illegal street drugs (Desantis, 2008 pp. 36-37). Other justifications indicated in Desantis’ (2008) study were that students use ADHD stimulants in moderation and therefore it is not harmful. Other students maintained that they use stimulants to self-medicate because they believe they have ADHD themselves and have not been diagnosed. The final rationalization is that ADHD stimulants are â€Å"harmless, benign, and a socially acceptable anti-fatigue aid† (Desantis, 2008, pp. 38-41). All in all, the previous research supplies recent qualitative and quantitative data that implies that Adderall and other ADHD stimulant consumption among the college population is a recurring and growing trend. Research also maintained that universities and physicians are also responsible for the drugs circulation. As a result of this research, it is evident that college-aged individuals are unaware of the major physical and psychological risks that can result from the illegal consumption of Adderall and also believe that their consumption is justifiable within society. For this study, a survey will be anonymously distributed among college campuses in the area containing both quantitative and qualitative questions about their experience and/or knowledge of Adderall. The sample population will be college students in the area between the ages of 18-25. The sample population will be selected anonymously and will remain anonymous because the study touches upon illegal activity. I will gain access to my subjects via social media networks (facebook, twitter, etc.). From the survey, I expect to obtain pertinent information that will help understand why college students consume non-prescribed Adderall, how they gain access to Adderall, and if they are aware of the risks that come along with Adderall consumption. References – Burgbacher, Katie, and Amanda Brewer â€Å"Study of Adderall Use Among College Students: A New and Upcoming Trend† University of Kentucky. RUNNING HEAD: Research Project (2006). Pp 1-19 – Desantis, Alan, and Audrey Curtis Hane. â€Å"†Adderall is Definitely Not a Drug†: Justifications for the Illegal Use of ADHD Stimulants.† Substance Use & Misuse 45 (2008): 31-46. Print. – Diagnostic criteria for attention deficit for hyperactivity disorder, (2005). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. – Kratochvil, Christopher. â€Å"Health Canada suspends Adderall.† Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update 7 (2005): 12. Print. – Loe, M. E., DeWitt, C. , Quirindongo, C. and Sandler, R. , 2006-08-11 â€Å"†Pharming† to Perform in the Classroom: Making Sense of the Medically-Disciplined College Student Body† Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online . 2012-06-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p103442_index.html – McCabe, S. E., et al (2005). Non-medical use of prescription opioids among U.S. college students: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 30(4), 96-106. – Nichols, K. (2004). The other performance-enhancing drugs. Chronicle of Higher Education, 51(17), A41-A42. – Okie, S. (2006). ADHD in adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 354:2637–2641. – Schiffner, Jennifer. 2010. â€Å"Harder, Better, Faster Stronger: Regulating Illicit Adderall Use Among Law Students and Law Schools† Express – Schwarz, Alan. â€Å"Drowned in a stream of Prescriptions.† The New York Times 3 Feb. 2013: 1, 18-20. Print. – Stolz, Stefanie. â€Å"Adderall Abuse: Regulating the Academic Steroid.† Journal of Law and Education 41, No.3 (2011): 585-592. Print. – Visser, SN, RH Bitsko, ML Danielson, and R Perou. â€Å"Increasing Prevalence of Parent-Reported Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children –United States, 2003 and 2007.† Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 59.44 (2010): 1439-1443. Print.

Why Everybody Is Wrong About Photography Essay Topics and Why You Absolutely Must View This Article

Why Everybody Is Wrong About Photography Essay Topics and Why You Absolutely Must View This Article Gossip, Deception and Photography Essay Topics The significant work will start during the very first week of December. A project is something to help you become from a photographic slump, doing the exact same thing over and over again. Photo projects provide a terrific approach to try out something new and will be able to help you escape from a rut. The caliber of the images is far better than on the film cameras. As a result, if a high-detailed photo is necessary, the use of zoom on a digital camera with small resolution will not provide the intended result. The images from the digital cameras could possibly be sent throughout the web. They are the right choice of the new millennium. Photographs are sometimes a good source of entertainment and a sort of art, but when it has to do with portraying reality, perhaps it does not succeed all of the moment. People today spend a wh ole lot of time to appear casual and capture it on film. Among the most well-known ones, there's a photograph in social networking, the history of photography, social effects of photography compare and contrast of various facets and nuances joined to the art of photography, etc.. If you want more info about photography please click on the hyperlink. The subject can decide whether or not your photos are deemed interesting. To begin with, you would want to locate a topic that you're interested in. Perhaps your original idea for your photographic essay was supposed to post it upon your blog. Not every photo has to be staged or posed. For instance, if you're putting a story together for a magazine it is better to be acquainted with its contents to gauge the way your essay might fit. When speaking about photographs, an image may be partly true but it's only part of the entire truth and a snapshot of the larger picture. You ought to consider where the images will likely be looked at by the audience. First, the images ought to be emotive to get some sort of emotional effect on your viewer. Secondly, they should be thoughtfully layered with meaning. Photography Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out. You also ought to keep project guidelines close by to make sure your topic idea is acceptable for what you want to produce. There are two simple ways to begin. Even if it's merely a personal passion undertaking. The preparation of essay on photography is a complex and time-consuming practice. Writing a dissertation may include things like completing a significant bit or research. Thoughtful research can help you identify the crucial elements of the photographic essay, which may then be utilised to help develop a must have' list of shots. Biographical Essays will permit the writer who has learned how to compose an art essay to inspect the artist's individual life and the way it influences their work. Lies You've Been Told About Photography Essay Topics Often during a shoot you might not have the ability to capture the photos in the order mentioned previously. Your photographic eye doesn't stop whenever your shooting is completed. Nude photography is likewise not pornography, where images are intended to show explicit sexual acts. A portrait series isn't the only type of series. Photography Essay Topics Explained What an ideal scenario would look like is capturing the men and women in their very own space. Have a good idea of what you wish to accomplish, and create it as though you were teaching another person. If you become aware of something specifically and think that it might be a great photo opportunity, make an effort not to assess the situation too much, rather trust your instincts and see the way that it unfolds. Even if people weren't involved as subjects, you are inclined to have personal feelings toward images that the overall public may not find the ability behind.

Night by Elie Wiesel Essay - 1016 Words

NIGHT Introduction The Holocaust was the attempt by the Nazi regime to systematically exterminate the European Jewish race during World War II. The Holocaust was a reference to the murder of around six million Jews and other minority groups such as homosexuals, gypsies and the disabled (Wiesel, 2008). In the 1930’s the Jewish population in Romania was around half a million. However, during World War II most of those Jews sent to the labour barracks or death camps (Wiesel, 2008). Set the scene of the reader, what is it about? Night by Elie Wiesel is about his experiences in the Nazi concentration camps of Auschwitz and Buchenwald in 1944 to 1945, at the height of the Holocaust and toward the end of the Second World War. It is†¦show more content†¦Elie and his family were packed into cattle cars and taken to Auschwitz. As the train arrived, they saw smoke rising from chimneys and were assailed by the horrific smell of burning flesh (Wiesel, 2008). Describe what Elie calls the ‘death race’? The Death Race was the race by the Germans to kill as many Jews as they could. They wanted to wipe out the entire Jewish race to develop a German ‘master race’ (Wiesel, 2008). The Germans were pushing the Jewish community towards death to see who survived. The Passover ended, â€Å"the curtain rose† (Wiesel, 2008) and the Germans â€Å"arrested the leaders of the Jewish community† (Wiesel, 2008). Elie states, â€Å"from that moment, everything happened very quickly. The race toward death had begun† (Wiesel, 2008). It was at first a slow progression from limiting the rights of the Jewish people, to wearing the Star of David and then to the attempted extermination. The Germans then began a race to kill the Jews as quickly as they could (Wiesel, 2008). Why do you think the prisoner told Elie and his father to lie about their ages? As they arrived at Auschwitz, a prisoner told Elie and his father to lie about their age in order to avoid the crematorium (Wiesel, 2008). Those deemed fit to work were sent to the labour barracks, whereas children and the elderly were sent to the gas chambersShow MoreRelatedNight by Elie Wiesel646 Words   |  3 PagesTen years after WWII, Elie Wiesel’s novel Night was published in 1955. Night describes â€Å"his memories of life inside four different Nazi death camps,† as he was one of the few Jews to survive the Holocaust during WWII (Sanderson). Wiesel’s autobiographical novel makes him â€Å"the best-known contemporary Holocaust writer and novelist,† and reveals the impact of the concentration camps on humanity and for the individual (Sibelman).As a negative Bildungsroman, Night depicts â€Å"a coming of age story in whichRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesNight is a first-hand account of life for Elie Wiesel as a young J ewish teenage boy living in Hungary and eventually sent to Auschwitz with his family. The moment his family exits the cattle car the horror of Auschwitz sets in. His mother and sisters become separated from him and his father immediately, their fate sealed. Elie stays with his father and right away a stranger is giving them tips on how to survive and stay together. Immediately told to lie about their ages, making Elie a little olderRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1372 Words   |  6 Pageselse† (Wiesel ix). Years after he was liberated from the concentration camp at Buchenwald, Elie Wiesel wrote Night as a memoir of his life and experiences during the Holocaust, while a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Scholars often refer to the Holocaust as the â€Å"anti-world†. This anti-world is an inverted world governed by absurdity. The roles of those living in the anti-world are reversed and previous values and morals are no longer important . Elie Wiesel portraysRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1960 novel, Night, Elie Wiesel utilizes several literary devices, including the symbology of nighttime, motif of religious practices, and theme of father-son relationships, in order to emphasize the atrocities of the Holocaust specifically for Jews. Wiesel’s first hand experience in concentration camps allows for a vivid retelling of what many people had to endure. The symbolic portrayal of the nighttime helps to add a deeper meaning to the text. The title of the novel, Night, brings the symbolRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1087 Words   |  5 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wiesel’s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, thisRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1476 Words   |  6 PagesIn Night, by Elie Wiesel, one man tells his story of how he survived his terrible experience during the Holocaust. Wiesel takes you on a journey through his â€Å"night† of the Holocaust, and how he survived the world’s deadliest place, Auschwitz-Birkenau. Elie Wiesel will captivate you on his earth shattering journey through his endless night. Elie Wiesel’s book Night forces you to open your eyes to the real world by using; iron y, diction, and repetition to prove that man does have the capability toRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel1661 Words   |  7 PagesNight Sequel Proposal Night is an account of the Holocaust and persecution of the Jewish people, written by Elie Wiesel. Elie Wiesel wrote, â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky† (Night). Remembering the events of the Holocaust andRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel996 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how deeply literal and symbolic the book entitled Night by Elie Wiesel is. The novel brings light to the reader about what the Jews faced while in the fire, hell and night; nonetheless, the author portrays each and every day during this year as a night in hell of conflagration. Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes. (Wiesel 20). When Wiesel arrived a t the camp he counted the longest dreadful ten stepsRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel809 Words   |  4 Pagespractically unbearable. Everyday you wake up with this feeling that you’re going to die; sometimes you don’t even fear this happening. In the book â€Å"Night† the author Elie Wiesel takes the reader to a place in time that they wouldn‘t ever want to journey to. He gives you a picture of the real gruesomeness and terrifying circumstances that came from the Holocaust. Wiesel tells of his time spent at the Auschwitz concentration camp, and then to Buchenwald. Though the book is only a little over one-hundred pagesRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel1636 Words   |  7 PagesElie Wiesel s Night chronicles his experience surviving in a concentration camp. He, along with every other Jew in his town, and many more throughout Europe, were sent to concentration camps for no fault of their own. Hitler, the fascist dictator of Germany and most of Europe, hated t hem because of their religion. He considered them a separate, inferior race and created the concentration camps to kill them all. Elie lost his mother, little sister, father, and nearly everyone he knew to these factories

Recombinant Dna Technology As An Environment For Separation

Recombinant DNA technology is genetic engineering process for forming a new gene. The gene required is taken from the donor and joined with the carrier gene which is then inserted into the vector. This method is used to create a vector containing gene from Bacteria sp Yp1 and Esterobacter asburae YT1, which are then inserted to egg through microinjection. Microinjection is a process where screw held syringe is loaded with required DNA or RNA and inserted to animal cell. By this technique the cloned gene is inserted to egg of earthworm. The egg hatchs and develops further producing transgenetic species having gene of gut bacteria. Sodium dodecyl sulphate PolyAcrylamide Gel Electroporesis (SDS-PAGE) is a technique used for separating protein based on their size and structure [14]. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is an anionic agent applied on proteins for linearizing them and to impart negative charge on the proteins. When electric field is applied on protein covered with negative charge, they move towards positive pole but no size separation can be seen. So PolyAcylamide gel is used as an environment for separation. As electric potential is applied on proteins present in PAGE, it creates even distribution of charge per unit mass resulting in fractionation of protein based on their size[15]. SDS-PAGE is useful technique for acquiring the required protein. Once the transgenic Earthworm is created, this technique can be used to acquire the specific protein/enzyme responsible forShow MoreRelatedBiological Molecules Like Nucleic Acids And Polysachharides2245 Words   |  9 Pagessource. Then amplification of these i solated genes is done. Amplification is done by the insertion of the target gene into a specified vector. Vector is also a DNA sequence molecule. The vector that has foreign gene in now a recombinant DNA. It replicates in cells after insertion in living cells. 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Ludwig van Beethoven Biography Free Essays

In the month of December 1770, Ludwig van Beethoven was born to Johann van Beethoven and Maria Magdalena Keverich in the town of Bonn. Ludwig was named after his grandfather, Kappellmeister, the most respected musician in Bonn. Ludwig van Beethoven was the eldest son, and had two younger brothers, Nikolaus Johann and Caspar Carl. We will write a custom essay sample on Ludwig van Beethoven Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beethoven’s father, Johann, taught his son to play instruments at a young age. He made Ludwig practice strenuously and most likely struck his son across the knuckles when Ludwig would make a error. Johann was an avid alcoholic and often woke the boy up in the night to play. Despite his father’s tiring persistence, the young Beethoven loved music and his extraordinary talent was manifest. Some years before Ludwig’s birth, Johann van Beethoven had heard of the child prodigy Mozart who made a great profit from performing all over Europe. This inspired Johann to make money off of Ludwig, therefore, in March of 1778 seven-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven performed in Sternengasse. No one knows how Ludwig’s concert went; whether or not it went well or Johann’s emotions on the performance. Not long after Beethoven’s concert, his father put him in school. Ludwig had difficulty making friends with his fellow classmates and was teased at school for his dark features, the schoolchildren calling him a Spaniard. Not long after, Johann van Beethoven pulled his son out of school to improve upon Ludwig’s musical talent in 1781. Beethoven soon surpassed his father, and Johann sought to find a suitable teacher. He stumbled upon Christian Gottlob Neefe, an accomplished composer and conductor who came to the town of Bonn because of its reputation of the arts. Ludwig highly respected and admired his new teacher. Neefe taught Beethoven for 6 years, and then in March 1787 Ludwig was funded to travel to Vienna and meet the great musician Mozart. Very little is known about his encounter with the famed composer, but that Beethoven stayed in Vienna for two weeks. While in Vienna, Johann van Beethoven sent word that his wife had fallen ill. Ludwig left at once, and when he arrived in Bonn his mother’s sickness had turned fatal. So in the month of July 1787, Maria Magdalena Keverich passed away. Ludwig van Beethoven was now head of the family. Beethoven’s father, Johann’s drinking worsened after the death of Maria Magdalena; leading to getting arrested after becoming seriously drunk in public. His actions caused him to be discharged from court service and further humiliating the family. Johann van Beethoven died the month of December in 1792. Beethoven’s hearing was beginning to leave him in 1797. For some time he tried to keep it a secret, and meanwhile the great musician composed many complex pieces including Piano Sonata in C minor, the â€Å"Pathetique†, and his First Symphony. In 1801 Beethoven became piano teacher to Countess Giulietta Guicciardi. The social ranking between them was obvious, yet the two fell in love. Luwig even proposed marriage but Giulietta’s father would not hear of it. Despite this rejection Ludwig van Beethoven composed â€Å"Moonlight Sonata† and dedicated it to the Countess. Beethoven had many doctors examine him and had been prescribed a lot of bizarre remedies, and then in the early months of 1802 a certain Dr. Johann Adam Schmidt advised Ludwig to move away from the dusty, bustling Vienna. The doctor had an acquaintance who happened to be the possessor of a cottage in the quaint village of Heiligenstadt. There Beethoven could rest in solitude, with the company of a friend’s son, Ferdinand Ries. Ludwig also pieced together his Second Symphony and other compositions. On returning to Vienna after six months, Beethoven was employed at the Theater an der Wien as a composer-in-residence. Carl moved in with him, which was a high disadvantage hence Beethoven had never been close to his brothers. The brothers’ living together must have caused a lot of friction between them, yet the Third Piano Concerto was completed along with Christus am Olberge, an oratorio. In the spring of 1806, Ludwig van Beethoven’s brother Carl was married to Johanna Reiss, and three months later their son Karl was born. Over the course of those years Beethoven composed his Third Symphony, Eroica, his Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Symphony, and his Fourth Piano Concerto. During these years Beethoven also fell in love with a few more women. In 1810 he wrote Fur Elise and at the top of the page was found these words, â€Å"For Elise on 27 April to remind you of L. V. Bthvn.† It is believed that Elise is Therese Malfatti, since the piece of music had been found in her belongings forty-one years after her death. Two years later, he wrote the legendary Immortal Beloved letters in a hotel located in Teplice. In the year of 1815, Beethoven’s brother Carl fell ill and passed away, leaving Ludwig the guardian of his five-year-old nephew Karl. For over three years, Beethoven fought against Johanna in court over the guardianship of Karl and won. Ludwig van Beethoven’s health was slowly declining the last eight years of his life. He had symptoms â€Å"and it concerned his digestive system. He complained of bloated stomach, colic, diarrhoea, indigestion.† Despite his health issues along with his severe deafness, Beethoven composed â€Å"Hammerklavier† and several of the Piano Sonatas, Opp 109, 110, and 111, along with the Ninth Symphony and the Late Quartets. These pieces were considered to be the musician’s greatest body of work ever composed. Over this time, Beethoven started compiling his myriad of conversation books, in which he used to communicate with people. It is estimated to have been about 400 of these books, but only 136 have survived today. In the year of 1826, Ludwig van Beethoven became fatally ill and had four surgeries, drawing fluid that had gathered in his stomach. On March 24th 1827, the acclaimed composer fell into a coma, and two days later he uttered his last breath. The world shall evermore remember this man and his music, the effect that he had on humankind. His music that has inspired and fascinated many people for generations after his death shall still do so, and forever be loved. How to cite Ludwig van Beethoven Biography, Papers

Throwaway society free essay sample

Nowadays a growing throw-away culture causes people to throw away their goods and replace them with new, latest technology ones available on the market. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this culture for our society. The advancements in technology gives rise to an over production of goods. This may cause excessive consumerism and there by the development of a throw away culture,which tend to buy new devices by trashing or replacing their old ones. This essay focuses on the pros and cons of this dumb-away culture. To begin with the advantages of buying the latest models of commodities. Firstly,by come across with latest types of any gadget may help us to be more attached to the dynamic world and can easily get along with the ultra modern advancements in the field of technology. One another major advantage of this culture is that,which helps to avoid certain negative impacts of old version products. We will write a custom essay sample on Throwaway society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance,in olden times, refrigirator was one of the major cause of the emmission of chloro fluro carbon,was said to be the cause of ozone rupture. Nowadays advanced refrigirator has been invented without causing any damage to nature. By buying such echo friendly products, it is quiet easy to retain the natural balance. On the drawbacks side, this kind of practices may lead to excessive financial loss. Majority of products cost much higher during the initial sales and gradually the price value decreases. So buying things soon after its arrival may seriously affects the overall economy of the society. More over this culture is having a great negative effect on the equlbrium of ecosystem. For example, the excessive trashing of materials those are unable to decompose such as plastics may leaves serious threats to the ecosystem. As this trend of throwing old and buying new has both positive and negative impacts,i am of the view that, the manufacturer of such products should arrange possible way to re-cycle their old products and make use of these in making new versions. This helps to reduce the cost of production and price of that particular product along with protecting our nature. Throwaway society free essay sample Introduction It is an old proverb saying â€Å"dont throw away the old bucket until you know whether the new one holds water†. It means that we should use the resources that we have to its fullest, before getting new resources and throwing away the old ones. What we don’t understand right now is that we are throwing so much that it’s likely to have fewer resources in the future. There are many reasons, to why we throw away the old resources; one of them is improving the standard of living by changing the household product and changing the furniture. Another reason is the increasing demand for food product, which plays a very important role in polluting our environment. Although many attempt are made to reduce the waste product by introducing the recycling concept and decomposing process, its not enough because we produce more waste products then we can recycle. We will write a custom essay sample on Throwaway society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The title throwaway society has both good and bad implication. For instance it suggests that a country with good economy does not have to worry about the repairing and reusing of old goods. It’s simply better to buy a new one or to replace it with a better good. In developing countries it could be viewed as luxury because in developing countries normally people would first try to fix the goods and reuse it. However the negative impact of throwaway society is much more and mainly effects our environment by producing waste products. The more we throw away the more resources are harvested and more energy is used. Which would affect us in long term. The environmentalist suggests to â€Å"reduce, recycle and reuse†. They would prefer to reuse a product to recycling because it is more environments friendly than recycling. Since recycling has to go through process before it could be put in use again. According to the environmentalist bot reusing and recycling helps in reduce the extraction of natural resources and saving energy.